Head And Neck: Face Scalp & Parotid Region

Front 1

what are the two parts of the skull

Back 1

facial skeleton
neurocranium (braincase)

Front 2

what are the boundaries of the face?
what are the boundaries of the scalp?

Back 2

face: anterior head, forehead to chin, one ear to the other

scalp: superior head, continuous with the skin of the neck

Front 3

name 4 features of the frontal bone

Back 3

1. supercillary arch: eyebrow ridge
2. glabella: btwn eyebrows
3. supraorbital foramen (opening in the supercillary arch)
4. metopic suture: where the glabella is, seperates R/L frontal bones during development, fused in adult

Front 4

name 2 features of the maxilla

Back 4

1. infraorbital foramen: hole below the eye

2. alveolar process: sockets for top teeth

Front 5

name 2 features of the zygomatic bone

Back 5

1. zygomaticofacial foramen: lateral/inferior hole next to eye

2. zygomatic arch: temporal process of hte zygomatic bone joins the zygomatic process of the temporal bone (lateral ridge above the mandible, connects zygomatic bone and temporal bone)

Front 6

name 9 features of the madible

Back 6

1. Body: lower
2. Ramus: upper (vertical part)
3. Coronoid: anterior point
4. Condylar Process: posterior point of articulation
5. Mandibular Notch: btwn the coronoid and condylar process
6. mental foramen: lateral hole in body of madible
7. alveolar process: lower teeth sockets
8. angle: lower posterior
9. mental protuberance: chin

Front 7

mm of facial expression are innervated by...

where do they insert?

Back 7

CN VII, facial N
*SE, VA, SA

**insert into skin

Front 8

what 2 mm of facial expression are connected by an aponeurosis? MM of forehead and scalp

Back 8

occipto-frontalis
frontalis and occipitalis

Front 9

What are the mm of facial expression that surround theeyes?

Back 9

1. Obicularis Oculi:
Palpebral portion, gentle closing
orbital portion, tight closing

Front 10

what mm gently closes the eye? tightly?

Back 10

gentle: palpebral obicularis oculi

tight: orbital portion, obicularis oculi

Front 11

what are the facial mm of the mouth

Back 11

1. obicularis oris
2. buccinator

Front 12

what mm elevate the lip? (5)

Back 12

1. levator labi superioris alaeque nasi
2. levator labi superioris
3. zygomaticus minor
4. zygomaticus major
5. levator anguli oris

Front 13

what mm depress the lip (4)?

Back 13

1. platysma (platysmus)
2. mentalis
3. depressor labii inferioris
4. depressor anguli oris

Front 14

what mm keeps food on the chewing surface of teeth

Back 14

buccinator

**one of the mm of the mouth, the other is the obicularis oris

Front 15

what is the deep mm that elevates the lip, what mm is it deep to?>

Back 15

levator anguli oris

**deep to levator labii superioris (btwn zygomaticus major and minor)

Front 16

what are the 2 major nerves in the face

Back 16

1. CN VII, facial N. motor (SE) to mm of facial expression, stylomastoid foramen

2. CN V, trigeminal N, sensory (SA) of the face

Front 17

Name those Nerves
SE
VE

SA
VA

Back 17

SE: sk mm
VE: parasympathetic, SM

SA: sensory, pain/touch from skin
VA: sensory from internal organs

Front 18

what N courses through the parotid gland?

Back 18

CN VII, SE, innervates mm of facial expression, exits stylomastoid foramen

Front 19

what are the 5 branches of the facial N? where are they? are there any other branches

Back 19

CN VII, SE, motor to facial mm

That Zebra Bit My Chin and Ear (5 terminal branches from parotid)

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical

**Posterior Auricular and N to Stylohyoid and post belly of digastric are posterior branches of the facial N that are given off just as it exits the stylomastoid foramen
**embeded within the parotid gland

**CN VII exits the stylomastoid foramen

Front 20

from what hole does CN VII exit?

Back 20

stylomastoid foramen

Front 21

what is bells palsey, what nerve is affected, what are the symptoms

Back 21

Viral Inflammation of CN VII, (loose ability to move facial mm)

Side of Lesion:
cant blink, corneal ulceration
lower eyelid sags
paralysis of face mm, angle of mouth droops
decreased salivation/taste on affected side

Front 22

just at CN VII leaves the stylomastoid foramen what happens?

Back 22

gives off TWO branches

1. posterior auricular
2. nerve to post belly of digastric and stylohyoid

Front 23

what is the trigeminal N?
what are its functional catagiries
what are its division

Back 23

CN V
SA (touch, pressure, pain, temp) and SE to tensor tympani and mm of mastication

Divisions:
Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular: the mandibular does SOME motor, tensor tympani (SE)

Front 24

what is the functional component of the opthalmic n branch? what is it a branch of, what are its branches (4)

Back 24

Opthalmic is a branch of CN V
SA only

Branches:
supraorbital n
supratrochlear n
infratrochlear n
lacrimal n

Front 25

what is the functional component of the maxillary n branch? what are its branches (3)

Back 25

SA: sensory ONLY

1. zygomaticofacial
2. zygomaticotemporal
3. infraorbital

Front 26

what is the middle (V2) branch of the trigeminal N

Back 26

maxillary

Front 27

the supraorbital and infra orbital N are branches of what

Back 27

Supra: opthalimc part of CN V

Infra: maxillary part of CN V

Front 28

what is the functional component of the mandibular n branch, what is it a branch of, what are its branches?

Back 28

Made of SA, and SE. Only branch of CN V that has SE

**branch of trigeminal N (CN V3)

**its branches:
auriculotemporal
buccal
mental

Front 29

what are the two buccal N

Back 29

bucal branch of CN VII: motor

buccal branch of CN V: sensory

Front 30

what types of things are sensed by cutaneous sensory innervation (SA)

Back 30

pain
pressure
touch
temperature

Front 31

what is the only N other than trigeminal that carries sensory to the face?

Back 31

Great Auricular
cervical plexus (c2-C3)

** angle of mandible, lateral neck

Front 32

what n does sensory to occipital area of scalp

Back 32

lesser/greater occipital N
C2-C3

Front 33

sensory innervation of the face is from trigeminal and cervical plexus, what is the small exception and where

Back 33

the Vagus N (cN X) does some sensory of the EAM via its auricular branch

Facial N does some sensory to auricle and concha (ear)

Front 34

facial A, where does it come from, what branches does it give?

Back 34

From external carotid (anterior branch)
Gives Rise to:
inferior labial a
superior labial a
lacrimal a

Front 35

Superficial Temporal A, where does it come from, what branches does it give?

Back 35

from ext carotid

Gives rise to superficial facial a

Front 36

the maxillary a gives rise to what 2 a?

Back 36

1. infraorbital
2. mental

Front 37

what are 3 names branches of the opthalmic a

Back 37

1. supraorbital
2. supratrochlear
3. dorsal nasal

Front 38

what gives us an anastamose btwn internal and external carotid

Back 38

opthlamic gives rise to dorsal nasal which forms angular which anastomoses

Front 39

what does the external carotid branch into

Back 39

1. maxillary a
2. superficial temporal a

Front 40

whats a cool thing about the facial a

Back 40

its a branch of external carotid, its squiggly so that it isnt compressed by opeing the jaw

Front 41

the transverse facial a comes from...

Back 41

external carotid, split into maxillary and superficial temporal, superficial temporal gives rise to transverse facial

Front 42

What are the 6 links of the chain of infection?

Back 42

etiologic agent >>> reservoir>>>portal of exit
>>>method of transmission>>>portal of entry>>>susceptible host

Front 43

path of blood to superior/inferior labial a

Back 43

ext carotid
facial
inf/sup labial

Front 44

the external carotid branches into the maxillary a and superficial temporal
what are branches of maxillary

Back 44

inferior alveolar
mental
infraorbital

Front 45

name the 4 branches of the opthalmic a? anastamose?

Back 45

1. supraorbital
2. supratrichlear
3. dorsal nasal
4. angular a

**dorsal nasal and angular a anastamose and connect ICA and ECA

Front 46

what 2 veins form retromandibular

Back 46

superficial temporal
maxillary

Front 47

what veins come together to form the external jugular? at the distal end what does the external carotid join with, where to they dump?

Back 47

posterior auricular
retromandibular

**distally the EJV and AJV dump into the subclavian

Front 48

where does the maxillary v join the superficial temporal v to form the retromandibular

Back 48

within parotid gland

Front 49

where does the retromandibular join the post auricular to form the EJV

Back 49

external surface of SCM

Front 50

trace the facial v to the internal jugular

Back 50

Facial: receives blood from
1. supratrochlear
2. supraorbital
3. angular

facial joins ant branch of retromandibular to make common facial that dumps into IJV

Front 51

the anterior retromandibular and common facial dump where

Back 51

internal jugular


(supraorbital + supratrochlear + angular drain into facial, facial and ant retromandibular join to form common facial and dump right into IJV)

Front 52

what 3 veins communicate with the opthalmic v, where do these go? where does this occue?

Back 52

opthalmic talks to:
1. supratrochlear
2. supraorbital
3. angular

they then drain into the cavernous sinus in the skull

*occurs at the medial angle of the eye

Front 53

how can infection spread in the cranial cavity via facial v

Back 53

facial drains to deep facial and into pterygoid venous plexus which provides a route to spread infection

Front 54

name 6 superficial LN that collect lymph from head/neck. where do they drain

Back 54

buccal
submental
parotid
mastoid
occipital

**all drain to deep cervical LN on internal jugular

Front 55

where does lymph from deep cervical nodes go based on L/R

Back 55

L: thoracic duct into subclavian
R: right lymphatic duct into subclavian

Front 56

the parotid gland is encased in what? from what is this derived?

Back 56

tough capsule, derived from investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Front 57

what emerges anteriorly from the parotid gland

Back 57

1. parotid duct: pierces buccinator and enters mouth at parotid papilla

2. the terminal branches of the CN VII (temporal zygomatic buccal mandibular cervical)

Front 58

what effect does para and sympathetic innervation have on the parotid gland

Back 58

salivary gland

stimulated by para: CN IX, CN V3

inhibited by sympa: vasoconstrict

Front 59

parasympathetic innervatio of the parotid gland

Back 59

pregang para leave brain in CN IX, pass tympanic plexus and exit as lesser petrosal N, this N passes through foramen ovale to reach otic gang, the post gang fibers leave gang and travel in auriculotemporal n to the parotid gland. stimulate the gland

Front 60

sympa innervation of the parotid gland

Back 60

pregnags synapse in superior gang, post sympa exit the gang join external carotid a plexus and travel to parotid gland on arteries that supply the gland, vacoconstrict and inhibit the gland

Front 61

name the layers of the scalp. which ones are fused? which layer glides

Back 61

S:skin
C: CT (dense, vasculature here)
A: aponeurosis (connects occipitalis and frontalis)
L: Loose CT
P: periosteum

**the skin, DCT, and aponeurosis are fused and glide over the loose CT

Front 62

in what layer is the vasculature for the scalp located

Back 62

dense CT

Front 63

the loose CT of the scalp, what does it allow, what is it continuous with

Back 63

allows other layers to glide on it
can distend with blood/fluid/infection, danger space
continuous with eyelids and root of nose

Front 64

what Nerves contribute to the cutaneous sensory patterns of the scalp

Back 64

V1: supraorbital, supratrochlear
V2: zygomaticotemporal
V3: auriculotemporal

C2-C3: great auricular (C2-C3), lesser occipital (C2-C3), greater occipital (C2)

**NO sensory of C1

Front 65

arteries of the scalp, in what layer do they course
unique feature

Back 65

2, dense CT
extensive anastamoses: bleeding is profuse, both cut ends are pulled apart by DCT and continue to bleed

IC/EC anastamoses

Front 66

Name the two branches of the IC that supply the scalp

Back 66

supraorbital
supratrochlear

(opthalmic branches)

Front 67

name the three branches of the EC that supply the scalp

Back 67

superficial temporal
posterior auricular
occipital

Front 68

Veins in the scalp

Back 68

no surprise, they mirror the arteries.

Regional drainage into: superficial temporal v
post auricular v
occipital v