Scalp And Face

Front 1

Five layers of the scalp

Back 1

Skin, CT, Aponeurotic layer, Loose CT, pericranium

Front 2

How many layers tear with a scalping injury?

Back 2

All the way up to the Loose CT layer (3 top tightly bound layers)

Front 3

Where doe the blood vessels and nerves in the scalp run?

Back 3

In the dense CT. Holds vessels open when they are cut. Excessive bleeding

Front 4

What is the epicranial aponeurosis?

Back 4

Galea aponeurotica - attaches two bellies of occipitofrontalis muscle

Front 5

Muscles of facial expression develop from where?

Back 5

Second pharyngeal (branchial) arch

Front 6

What are the muscles of facial expression innervated by?

Back 6

CN 7

Front 7

What are the four groups of facial expression?

Back 7

Orbital
Nasal
Oral
Other

Front 8

What is the orbital group of facial expression?

Back 8

Orbicularis oculi

Palpebral part which gently closes eye.
Orbital part which more forcefully and tightly closes eye.

Front 9

What does orbicularis oculi do?

Back 9

Must be functional for corneal and blink reflexes.

Front 10

What muscles are in the oral group of facial expression?

Back 10

Orbicularis oris.
Buccinator.

Front 11

Function of buccinator?

Back 11

Important in expelling air from mouth as in whistling and playing instruments.

Also important in keeping food between the teeth when chewing.

Front 12

What penetrates the buccinator muscle?

Back 12

Penetrated by the parotid (Stensen’s) duct.

Front 13

What does the buccinator share with the superior pharyngeal constrictor?

Back 13

Pterygomandibular raphe

Front 14

What muscles are in the nasal group?

Back 14

Nasalis
Procerus
Depressor septi nasi

Front 15

What does nasalis do?

Back 15

Involved in flaring the nostrils.

Front 16

What does procerus do?

Back 16

Draws medial border of eyebrows downward.

Front 17

What does depressor septi nasi do?

Back 17

Pull nasal septum downward to help flare nostrils.

Front 18

What muscles are in the "other" group?

Back 18

Platysma
Occipitofrontalis
Auricular (Vestigial in most people.)

Front 19

What does platysma do?

Back 19

Tenses skin of the neck.

Front 20

What does the occipitofrontalis do?

Back 20

Associated with the scalp
Frontalis wrinkles forehead.

Front 21

What does the auricular muscle do?

Back 21

About 10-20% of human can wiggle their ears.

Front 22

What is the parotid gland?

Back 22

Largest of the 3 major salivary gland

Front 23

What is the name of the duct for the parotid gland?

Back 23

Stensen’s duct

Front 24

What passes through the parotid gland?

Back 24

Facial nerve (motor)

Front 25

What is embedded within the substanc of the parotid gland?

Back 25

External carotid
Retromandibular vein

Front 26

What is the facial artery a branch of?

Back 26

Major blood supply to face.
Branch of external carotid.

Arises from anterior aspect of external carotid.

Front 27

What are the branches of the facial artery?

Back 27

Branches:
Labial branches
Inferior
Superior
Lateral nasal
Angular

Front 28

What is the path of the facial artery?

Back 28

Passes deep to submandibular gland.
Curves around inferior border of mandible, anterior to masseter muscle.

Front 29

What is the transverse facial a branch of?

Back 29

The superficial temporal, arises within the substance of the parotid gland

Front 30

What are the branches of the opthamalic artery?

Back 30

Branches of ophthalmic artery.
Zygomaticofacial.
Zygomaticotemporal.
Dorsal nasal.
Terminal branch of ophthalmic.

Front 31

What are the branches of the mental artery?

Back 31

Infraorbital.
Buccal.
Mental.

Front 32

With what do the veins of the face anastamose?

Back 32

Veins of the face anastomose with deep venous structures.
Pterygoid plexus.
Cavernous sinus.

Front 33

Why is an infection on your face dangerous?

Back 33

Anastomoses are valveless and therefore infection can spread to deep structure.

Spread to cavernous sinus extremely dangerous. - beneath your brain

Front 34

What is the lymphatic drainage of the face?

Back 34

Drainage to primarily three groups of nodes.
Submental
Submandibular
Pre-auricular and parotid

All into the DEEP CERVICAL NODES

Front 35

What are the two largest deep cervical nodes?

Back 35

Jugulodigastric
Jugulo-omohyoid,

Front 36

Where does the jugulo-omohyoid receive drainage from?

Back 36

which also receives drainage from the tongue, receives drainage from the submental nodes.

Front 37

Where does the jugulodigastric node receive drainage from?

Back 37

receives drainage from pre-auricular and parotid.

Front 38

What is the only sensory nerve of the face?

Back 38

Trigeminal

Front 39

What are the five sensory branches of the opthalamic trigeminal?

Back 39

Supraorbital
Supratrochlear.
Infratrochlear
Lacrimal
External nasal

Front 40

What are the three branches of the maxillary nerve of the trigeminal?

Back 40

Infraorbital.
Zygomaticotemporal.
Zygomaticofacial.

Front 41

Three sensory branches of trigeminal?

Back 41

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

Front 42

What are the functional divisions of the facial nerve?

Back 42

Branchial Motor

Special Sensory

Parasympathetic

Front 43

What does the Branchial motor branch of the facial nerve innervate?

Back 43

Motor to muscles of facial expression

Also stapedius muscle, posterior belly of digastric muscle

Front 44

What is the special sensory innervation of the facial nerve?

Back 44

Taste anterior 2/3 of tongue via chorda tympani

Front 45

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the facial nerve?

Back 45

Preganglionic efferents arise in the superior salivatory nucleus

Via greater petrosal and nerve of pterygoid canal to pterygopalatine ganglion

Via chorda tympani to submandibular gland

Front 46

What is the motor innervation of the facial nerve?

Back 46

2nd pharyngeal (branchial) arch

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical

Front 47

What is the course of the facial nerve?

Back 47

Enters via internal acoustic meatus --> gives off greater petrosal --> genu (bend) --> sensory ganglion (geniculate ganglion) --> Facial canal (covered in bone) --> travels through the middle ear cavity --> gives off nerve to stapedius muscle --> continues in bone in facial canal --> gives off the chorda tympanae branch (goes back up into middle ear cavity) --> out the stylomastoid foramen

Front 48

What is the course of the chorda tympani nerve?

Back 48

Chordae --> middle ear cavity --> between incus and malleus deep to tympanic membrane --> through the petrytympanic fissure.

Front 49

Why do deep lacerations of the scalp gape open?

Back 49

Deep lacerations, those passing through the aponeurosis pull of the two bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle.

Front 50

Cutaneous innervation of forehead from?

Back 50

Supratrochlear and supra-orbital nerves

Front 51

Cutaneous innervation of anterior ear (temporal area)?

Back 51

Zygomaticotemporal and auriculotemporal nerves

Front 52

Cutaneous innervation behind the ear?

Back 52

Greater auricular nerve
ant ramus C2

Lesser occipital nerve
ant ramus C2,C3

Front 53

Cutaneous innervation of the back of the head?

Back 53

Greater occipital nerve
posterior ramus C2

Third occipital nerve
posterior ramus C3

C4

Front 54

Branches of opthalmic artery and vein

Back 54

Supratrochlear a/v

Supra-orbital a/v

Superficial temporal a/v

Front 55

Branches of external carotid and external jugular vein

Back 55

Posterior auricular vein
Posterior auricular artery
Occipital vein
Occipital artery

Front 56

Lymph flow in the face

Back 56

Face --> submental and submandibular

Jaw --> pre-auricular and parotid nodes

Back of head --> Jugular and occipital nodes

All to upper deep cervical nodes