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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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On what is the empirical approach knowledge based? |
knowledge based on observations |
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is the empirical approach used in everyday living? |
yes |
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what does the question of why establish? |
it establishes the need for the study |
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how is the term hypothesis described in this topic? |
a statement indicating what results are expected |
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according to this topic, are samples often observed? |
yes |
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what do researchers do when they plan how to observe? |
select among available instruments, tests, interviews, etc |
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what is an alternative term for measures? |
instruments |
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the results from which are NOT reduced to numbers? |
Qualitative |
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are treatments given for the research purpose in experimental or non-experimental research? |
experimental |
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if a researcher asked students for their opinions on switching the semester system to the quarter system, would the research be conducting experimental or non-experimental? |
non-experimental |
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are treatments given in non-experimental studies? |
No |
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in an experiment Group A was given verbal praise for being on time to an experiment while group B wasn't. Which is the control group? |
Group B |
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is it necessary to have at least two groups of participants in order to conduct an experiment? |
No |
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what is the purpose of a non-experimental study? |
to observe them as they naturally exist |
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is a survey an experiment? |
No |
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does knowing that a multiple-choice test was used in a study help a consumer of research determine wether the study was experimental or non-experimental? |
No |
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what is the purpose of an experiment? |
to explore cause and effect relationships |
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a political scientist polled votes to determine their opinions on a decision by the supreme court. is this an experimental or non-experimental study? |
Non-experimental |
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a teacher compared the effectiveness of three methods of teaching handwriting by using different methods with different students. did the teacher conduct an experimental study or non-experimental? |
experimental -- diff treatments given |
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according ti the topic, do experimental or casual comparative studies have more potential pitfalls when one is trying to identify cause and effect relationships? |
yes |
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researchers look to the past for a cause in which type of study? |
casual comparative -- treatment not given |
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is casual comparative research a type of experiment? |
no, no treatment given. it is non-experimental. |
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are treatments given by researchers in casual comparative studies? |
no |
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random assignment to treatments is used in which type of study? |
experimental
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how it the term demographics defined in this topic?
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the background characteristics such as socioeconomic status.
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low income w/ free lunch vs low income w/out free lunch. affects of free lunches on health. was it experimental or casual comparative? |
causal comparitive |
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what is another name for casual comparative study? |
ex post facto study |
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suppose a teacher administered an intelligence test to young children each year for five years in order to study changes over time, what type of study was the researcher conducting? |
longitudinal research |
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is the study in question one an experiment? |
no |
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if a researcher conducts a poll to estimate public support for free childcare for mothers on welfare, the researcher is conducting what type of non-experimental study? |
a survey |
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a researcher determined the degree of relationship between vocabulary scores and reading comprehension scores. the researcher was conducting what type of non-experimental study? |
correlational research -- looking for a relationship |
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according to this topic, what is a distinctive feature of quantitive research? |
they gather in such a way that it is easy to quantify, allowing for statistical analysis. |
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most published qualitative research is collected using what? |
semi structured interviews. |
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should researchers take steps to prevent psychological harm as well as physical harm to participants? |
yes |
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should participants be told that they are free to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty? |
yes |
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under the principle of informed consent, is it acceptable to hide the mental purpose of a study from participants? |
no its unenthical |
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should informed consent be in writing? |
yes |
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is debriefing done before or after a study is conducted? |
after |
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what does debriefing cover? |
reviewing the purposes of the study used and offering to share results with participants when available-- they have to see & agree in order for it to be published. |
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should info about participants be kept confidential even if they freely provide it to researchers? |
yes |
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how is the theory defined in this topic? |
a unified explanation for discrete observations that might otherwise be viewed as unrelated or contradictory. ( a theory, a guess) |
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so researchers use induction or deduction to derive a hypothesis from a theory? |
deduction |
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what are the two major functions of research mentioned in this topic?
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to test the hypothesis and to provide the observations and conclusions on which researchers can induce theory. |
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if a hypothesis derived from a theory is not confirmed, what implications does this have for the theory? |
the theory may be wrong |
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is grounded theory based on induction or deduction? |
induction |
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is the use of grounded theory more likely to be associated with qualitative or with quantitative research? |
qualitative |
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when planning research which should come first- identify a broad problem area or develop a testable hypothesis or research problem? |
identify a broad problem area. |
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should a researcher be surprised to find conflicting results in the research lit on a given topic? |
no |
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students would be wise to try to find a creative, new research idea not derived from lit to explore their first research project. true or false? |
false |
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in journal articles the lit review is usually integrated into what part of the article? |
intro |
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what database is free of charge to any user? |
ERIC |
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what is major source of original reports? |
journal articles |
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what gives more references abstract or any , according to ERIC? |
any |
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novice writers often make two common mistakes. what is the first one? |
take the results of facts that have to be proven |
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novice writers often make two common mistakes, what is the second one? |
discuss studies to be equal in quality |
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more often than not researchers work with samples that are less than ideal. true or false? |
true |
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it is safe to assume that flawed measures are rare in research true or false? |
false |
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do researchers often discuss limitations of their own studies? |
yes |
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when a writer presents a finding or statement from the lit without qualification, readers are likely to assume what? |
The reader assumes that the writerbelieves that the underlying methodology and logic are reasonably sound.
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an effective lit review should consist solely of a set of critical summaries of individual studies. is this true or false? |
false |
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a key to creating a synthesis is to write a review that moves from subtopic to topic. true or false? |
true |
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is it desirable to point out major trends and commonalities in the results or previous research? |
yes |
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is it desirable to point out gaps in lit? |
yes |
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when would it be appropriate to devote one or more paragraphs to describing a particular authors written work? |
When the work in central to one or morepoints being made in the literature review.
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why should direct quotes be used sparingly? |
break flow of presentation |
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what can be placed at the end of a review to help readers grasp the whole of the lit review? |
summary |
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