Exam 3

Front 1

Recombinant DNA Technology made it possible for Ability to manipulate genes in _____ and in _____

Back 1

Vitro;Vivo

Front 2

Vitro means in ____ ____
Vivo means in _______ _______

Back 2

test tube;living organism

Front 3

Obtaining the ability to manipulate genes in vitro and in vivo made it possible to combine 2 or more ____ ________ from any sorce;Insert foreign DNA into ______ ______;construct _______ chromosones;and Selectivly alter/interfere with ____ ________

Back 3

DNA Sequences;Cloning Vector;artificial;Gene Expression

Front 4

What was a revoultion for Biology??

Back 4

Abilty to manipulate genes in vitro and in vivo

Front 5

We now have a detailed understanding in ____ _______,_______ and ________

Back 5

gene structure,function and evolution

Front 6

Because of the revolution in Biology,we have noe completed most _______ projects and have had numerous _______,________,and _______ applications

Back 6

Genome;commercial,forensic,medical

Front 7

Revolution in Biology was made possible by convergence of scientific discoveries such as ______ enzymes,DNA _____,and ______ of bacteria and their plasmids

Back 7

restriction,ligase,genetics

Front 8

There are many concerns about the safety in Recombinant DNA revolution. An example is concerns about cancer in _____ ________ therepy.People feel it should be ______.

Back 8

Gene Replication;tested

Front 9

______ concerns,______ engineered food,and concerns of _______ with the virulent virus/bacteria that scientists conducted.Are some of the concerns with Revolution in recombinant DNA Tech.

Back 9

Ecological;Genetically;Terroism

Front 10

_____ likely evolved from reverse transcription of RNA

Back 10

DNA

Front 11

DNA has a _____ helix of ___-______ polynucleotide chains

Back 11

double;anti-parallel

Front 12

DNA structure was discovered by ______ and _____

Back 12

Watson and Crick

Front 13

DNA is a _________ sugar
Dna contains _______

Back 13

Deoxyribose;Phosphate

Front 14

DNA has ________ bases made up of ______ and ________

Back 14

Nitrogeneous;Purines;Pyrimidines

Front 15

Purines are made up of ______ and ________

Back 15

adenine and thymine

Front 16

Pyrimidines are made up of _______ and _______

Back 16

guanine and cytosine

Front 17

Chromosones have a _____ _____ helix of DNA

Back 17

single double

Front 18

Chromosones have nemerous ______(_____,_____);_______;and ________ sequences

Back 18

genes(exons,introns);promoters;regulatory

Front 19

Chromosones _______ to form exact copies
These copies are segregated in ______ _______,_______ and _______

Back 19

replicate;Binary Fission,Meiosis and Mitosis

Front 20

_________ are subject to evolution

Back 20

Chromosones

Front 21

With advances in Recombinant DNA Technology we are able to ____ and _____ DNA Molecules
_____,______,and _______ recombinant DNA molecules
And ______ recombinant DNA molecules into organisms

Back 21

cut and rejoin;Clone,Express,Sequence;Insert

Front 22

_______ _________ are able to cleave DNA at specific sites

Back 22

Restriction Endonucleases

Front 23

The ability to cut DNA at specific sites is significant bcuz it allows a form of physical _______ and allows________ molecules

Back 23

mapping;recombinant

Front 24

Physical maps can be constructed on the positioning of _______ sites for restriction enzymes

Back 24

Cleavage

Front 25

2 types of Restriction Enzymes:
Type 1 enzymes make _____ cuts across ____ DNA Strands and are not often used in _______ or manipulating DNA
Type 2 enzymes allow creation of ________ molecules

Back 25

simple,both,cloning
Recombinant

Front 26

The _____ ____ that result from the cut by type2 restriction enzymes allow DNA from different sources to be easily joined together

Back 26

sticky ends

Front 27

____ _____ catalyzes formation of phosphodiester bond b/w phosphate and hydroxyl groups of DNA nucleotides

Back 27

DNA Ligase

Front 28

A ____ is a break in one strand with no gap

Back 28

Nick

Front 29

The action of DNA Ligase is to seal the _____ in one or both strands

Back 29

nicks

Front 30

_______ ________ sever phosphodiester bonds of both nucleotide strands

Back 30

Restriction Endonucleases

Front 31

Restriction Endonucleases create restriction _______

Back 31

Fragments

Front 32

There are ______ of known Restriction Endonucleases

Back 32

Hundreds

Front 33

The restriction fragment ends made by same enzyme are _______ and can be ______

Back 33

identical;joined

Front 34

_____ sequences of DNA are synthesized in Vitro

Back 34

Short

Front 35

The _____ can enter and replicate in the host

Back 35

Vector

Front 36

The 2 most commomly used vectors are _____ and ______

Back 36

Plasmids and Phages

Front 37

______ are viruses that infect bacterial cells

Back 37

Phages

Front 38

In cloning,there is a insertion of a _______ _______ into the cloning vector

Back 38

restriction fragment

Front 39

In gene cloning,there is a transformation of bacteria with recombinant ______,virus

Back 39

Plasmid

Front 40

In Gene Cloning there is a _______ for clone of interest

Back 40

screening

Front 41

A use of a cloned gene is to determine _______ sequence and _____ amino acid aequence from genetic code

Back 41

nucleotide;deduce

Front 42

_______ gene to study function in vitro and in vivo and _______ and _______ are uses of a cloned gene

Back 42

Manipulate;Commercial;Medical

Front 43

A ___ ______ is a collection of DNA fragments representing all of the DNA from an organism

Back 43

DNA Library

Front 44

The _____ ______ has _____ clones,each containing fragment of genome

Back 44

Genomic Library;multiple

Front 45

The Genomic Library collectivly represents all ____ of an organism

Back 45

DNA

Front 46

______ _______ are constructed from a single chromosone and are size selected

Back 46

Partial Libraries

Front 47

_____ is derived by reverse transcription from RNA

Back 47

cDNA

Front 48

Most genetic engineering experiments are derived from 4 stages.What are they??

Back 48

DNA Cleavage,Recombinant DNA,Cloning and Screening

Front 49

What does PCR stand for?

Back 49

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Front 50

The ______ ______ _____ amplifies target DNA w/o cloning.
The target amount can be a _____ molecule.
And the amplified DNA can be ______ _______,etc.

Back 50

Polymerase Chain Reaction;single;sequenced;cloned

Front 51

____ allows the investigation of minute samples of DNA

Back 51

PCR

Front 52

____ _______ is another form of molecular biology and it is the determination of nucleotide sequence of cloned,PCR amplified DNA
_____ method most common,automated

Back 52

DNA Sequencing;Sanger

Front 53

_____ _______ is another procedure of molecular biology.
It uses ______ _______.
RNA----cDNA

Back 53

Reverse Transcription;Reverse Transciptase enzyme

Front 54

The typlical machine for automated sequencing has a __ hr sequencing run,it produces ___-___ bases per sample and can create ______ samples at a time

Back 54

2;600-1000;multiple

Front 55

The Autmated Sequencing Machine can create up to _____ bases per day(12hr)

Back 55

500,000

Front 56

In Automated Sequencing the data is processed by a _______

Back 56

Computer

Front 57

Name 3 kinds of blotting and what are their targets

Back 57

Southern Blotting:DNA
Northern Blotting:RNA
Western Blotting:Protein

Front 58

What does RFLP stand for?

Back 58

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

Front 59

The Mutation caused by RFLP,_____ and _____restriction targets which results in different ______ of DNA fragments

Back 59

Creates;Destroys;lengths

Front 60

_____ is basis for DNA Fingerprinting and has many uses including in ______ and _________

Back 60

RFLP;Evolution;Ecology

Front 61

______ _______ are invaluble for study of gene function

Back 61

Transgenic Organisms

Front 62

There are transgenic _____ and ________

Back 62

mice;Arabidopsis

Front 63

Transgenic prganisms take advantage of homologous recombination to introduce ____

Back 63

genes

Front 64

Transgenic _____ are a useful tool to study gene expression,development,disease models,etc

Back 64

mice

Front 65

(Genomics)Sequencing and analysis of genomes includes all of the ______ material of an organism and this can happen in the _____,_____,and _______

Back 65

genetic;nucleus,mitochodria and chloroplast

Front 66

_________ is the extraction of info from genomic sequence.
It uses _______ methods to predict functions

Back 66

Bioinformatics;statistical

Front 67

______ _______ is the determining function of genomic components by ezperimental analysis

Back 67

Functional Genomics

Front 68

Name 4 maps..
These maps provide landmarks for ______ and _______

Back 68

Genetic Maps,Restriction Maps,STS Maps and EST Maps;
Assembly;Analysis

Front 69

Name 2 wariations

Back 69

Clone by Clone based on maps and Whole Genome Shotgun

Front 70

Name 3 Completed Genomes

Back 70

The Human Genome,The Sequenced Genome and The Chix Genome

Front 71

More than _____ genomes sequenced
Name 6

Back 71

240
Putter Fish,Zebra Fish,Green Onion,Rice,Cow,Dog

Front 72

Functional Genomics is the ________ function of nucleotide sequences of genomes

Back 72

Determining

Front 73

Functional Genomics has _____ methods

Back 73

multiple

Front 74

One way to control gene expression is to regulate the _______ of Transcription

Back 74

intiation

Front 75

In Prokaryotes,the primary function of gene control is to adjust the cell's _______ to it's _______ enviroment

Back 75

activities;immediate

Front 76

In Eukaryotes,there is ______ processing

Back 76

extensive

Front 77

Promoters have elements of __-__ base pairs and the edges are exposed in _______

Back 77

6-20;grooves

Front 78

______ bind Transcription factors

Back 78

Promoters

Front 79

DNA does not have to ______ during binding of transcription factors

Back 79

unwind

Front 80

Transcription factors recruit ____ _________

Back 80

RNA Polymerase

Front 81

______ ______ recognize target thru edges of base pairs

Back 81

Transcription Factors

Front 82

Identification of promoters can include ________,_______ ______ and various ______ ________

Back 82

Bioinformatics,Functional Genomics and Molecular Assays