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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Vitiligo?
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Areas of white or light skin on an individual.
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Erythema
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Local or generalized skin redness and warmth
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Pallor
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Pale with no pink tones
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Jaundice
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Yellow color
Pale to pumpkin Seen in the sclera, oral mucous membranes, palms, and soles |
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Lentigo
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age spots, liver spots
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Terminal hair
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Scalp
Axillary Body Pubic areas |
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Vellus Hair
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Covers entire body except for soles, palms, lips, and nipples
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Ulcer, Stage 1
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ß Skin not broken
ß Appears red ß No blanching |
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Ulcer,stage 2
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ß Skin is broken
ß Superficial skin loss, involving epidermis alone or with dermis ß Resembles an erosion |
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Ulcer, stage 3
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ß Pressure area involves epidermis, dermis, and SQ tissue
ß Resembles a crater ß May have hidden areas of damage extending through the SQ tissue beyond the borders of the external lesion, but not through underlying fascia |
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Ulcer, stage 4
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ß Pressure area involves epidermis, dermis, SQ tissue, bone, other support tissue
ß Resembles massive crater with hidden areas of damage in adjacent tissue |
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Macule
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ß < 1 cm, circumscribed border
ß Flat, nonpalpable skin color change ß Brown, white, tan, purple, red ß EX: Flat moles, freckles, petechiae, rubella, rubeola |
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Patch
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ß >1 cm.
ß May have irregular border ß Flat, nonpalpable skin color change ß Brown, white, tan, purple, red ß EX: vitiligo, port-wine marks, ecchymosis |
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Papule
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ß <0.5 cm
ß Elevated, palpable, solid mass ß Circumscribed border ß Brown, red, pink, tan, bluish red ß EX: elevated nevi (moles), warts, drug-related eruptions |
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Plaque
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ß >0.5 cm
ß Elevated, palpable, solid mass ß Circumscribed border ß May be coalesced papules with flat top ß EX: psoriasis, actinic keratosis |
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Nodule
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ß 0.5 ¡V 2 cm
ß Elevated, palpable, solid mass ß Extends deeper into the dermis than a papule ß Circumscribed ß EX: lipoma, squamous cell carcinoma, poorly absorbed injection, dermatofibroma |
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Tumor
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ß >1 ¡V 2 cm
ß Elevated, palpable, solid mass ß Extends deeper into the dermis than a papule ß Do not always have sharp borders ß EX: larger lipoma, carcinoma, neoplasm |
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Vesicle
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ß <0.5 cm
ß Circumscribed elevated, palpable mass containing serous fluid, superficial ß EX: Herpes simplex/zoster chickenpox, poison ivy, second degree burn (blister) |
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Bulla
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ß >0.5 cm
ß Circumscribed elevated, palpable mass containing serous fluid ß EX: contact dermatitis, large burn blisters, poison ivy, bullous impetigo |
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Wheal
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ß Elevated mass with transient borders
ß Often irregular ß Size, color varies ß Caused by movement of serous fluid into the dermis ß Does not contain free fluid in a cavity ß Pale pink with lighter center ß EX: hives, insect bites |
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Pustule
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ß Pus-filled vesicle or bulla
ß Superficial ß EX: acne, impetigo, furuncles, carbuncles |
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Cyst
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ß Encapsulated fluid-filled or semisolid mass
ß In the SQ tissue or dermis ß Circumscribed ß EX: sebaceous cyst, epidermoid cyst |
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Excoriation
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ß Abrasion of the epidermis
ß Caused by trauma, chemicals, burns |
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Eroisions
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ß Does not extend to dermis
ß Loss of superficial epidermis ß Depressed, moist area ß EX: ruptured vesicles, scratch marks |
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Ulcer
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ß Skin loss extending past epidermis
ß Necrotic tissue loss ß Bleeding and scarring possible ß Concave ß Varies in size ß EX: stasis ulcer of venous insufficiency, pressure ulcer |
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Scar (Cicatrix)
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ß Skin mark left after healing of a wound or lesion
ß Represents replacement by connective tissue of the injured tissue ß Thin to thick fibrous tissue replacing injured dermis ß Young scars: red or purple ß Mature scars: white or glistening ß EX: healed wound or surgical incisions |
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Fissure
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ß Linear crack in the skin
ß May extend to the dermis ß Small, deep, red ß EX: chapped lips or hands, athlete¡¦s foot |
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Scales
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Ü Flakes secondary to desquamated, dead epithelium
Ü Flakes may adhere to skin surface Ü Irregular Ü Dry or oily Ü Varied size Ü Color varies (silvery, white) Ü Texture varies (thick, fine) Ü EX: dandruff, psoriasis, dry skin, pityriasis rosea |
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Crust
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Ü Dried residue of serum, blood, or pus on skin surface
Ü Large adherent crust is a scab Ü Slightly elevated Ü Size varies Ü Brown, red, black, tan, straw Ü EX: residue left after vesicle rupture, impetigo, herpes, eczema, scab on an abrasion |
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Keloid
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Ü Secondary to excessive collagen formation during healing
Ü Hypertrophied scar tissue Ü Elevated, irregular, red Ü Grows beyond boundaries of wound Ü Greater incidence in African Americans Ü EX: ear piercing or surgical incision |
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Atrophy
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Ü Thin, dry, transparent appearance of epidermis
Ü Paperlike Ü Loss of surface markings Ü Secondary to loss of collagen and elastin Ü Underlying vessels may be visible Ü EX: aged skin, arterial insufficiency |
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Lichenification
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Ü Thickening and roughening of the skin
Ü Accentuated skin markings Ü May be secondary to repeated rubbing, irritation, scratching Ü Often involves flexor aspect of extremity Ü EX: contact dermatitis |
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Petechia
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Ü Round red or purple macule
Ü Small: 1 ¡V 2 mm (<0.5 cm) Ü Secondary to blood extravasation Ü Associated with bleeding tendencies or emboli to skin Ü Nonblanchable |
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Purpura
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Ü Hemorrhagic disease that produces ecchymoses and petechiae
Ü Red-purple discoloration Ü Nonblanchable Ü >0.5 cm |
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Ecchymosis
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Ü Round or irregular macular lesion
Ü Red/purple Ü Nonblanchable Ü Larger than petechia Ü Color varies and changes: black, yellow, and green hues Ü Secondary to blood extravasation Ü Associated with trauma, bleeding tendencies |
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Hematoma
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Ü A localized collection of blood creating an elevated ecchymosis
Ü Associated with trauma |
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Strawberry/Cherry angioma
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Ü Papular and round
Ü Red or purple Ü Noted on trunk, extremities Ü May blanch with pressure Ü Normal age-related skin alteration Ü Usually not clinically significant |
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Spider angioma, Nevus
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Ü Red, arteriole lesion
Ü Central body with radiating branches Ü Noted on face, neck, arms, trunk Ü Rare below the waist Ü Blanch with pressure to the central body Ü Associated with liver disease, PG, vitamin B deficiency |
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Venous Star/Telangiectasis
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Ü Fine, irregular red lines
Ü Shape varies: spider-like or linear Ü Color bluish or red Ü Does not blanch when pressure is applied Ü Noted on legs, anterior chest Ü Secondary to superficial dilation of venous vessels and capillaries Ü Associated with increased venous pressure states (varicosities |
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Basal Cell Carinoma
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Ü Most common malignant cutaneous neoplasm
Ü Found on the face Ü Fair skin and sun exposure |
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Melanoma
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Ü Develop from melanocytes
Ü Cause not known Ü Asymmetry of borders Ü Bleeding or crusting Ü Color blue/black or variegated Ü Diameter >6 cm Ü Contributing factors: Ü Heredity Hormonal factors Ü UV light exposure Ü Autoim-munologic affect |
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Grouped
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Ü Lesions clustered together
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Linear
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Ü Lesions arranged in a line
Ü Scratch/ streak |
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Annular
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Ü Lesions arranged in a circle, ring-shaped
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Zoster/Herpetiform
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Ü Multiple groups of vesicles erupting unilaterally following the course of cutaneous nerves
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Discrete
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Ü Distinct, individual, remain separate
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Polycyclic
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Ü Multiple annular arrangements of lesions
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Arciform
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Ü Lesions arranged in an arc, bow-shaped
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Reticular
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Ü Lesions meshed in the form of a network
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Confluent
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Ü Lesions become merged together, not discrete
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Iris/Target
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Ü Like iris of eye, concentric rings of lesions
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Gyrate
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Ü Twisted, coiled, spiral, snakelike
Other Skin Lesions |
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Corn
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Ü A horny induration and thickening of the skin that may be hard or soft according to location
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Callus
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Ü Rough, thick sections of epidermis
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Cutaneous Tag
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Skin tag
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Contact dermatitis
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Ü Inflammation and irritation of the skin due to contact with an irritating substance
Ü Usually due to a combination of reduced ability of the skin to resist injury and exposure to a material in strong concentration (soap/chemical) |
