H Bio, Ch #6

Front 1

Cell Theory

Back 1

A biological theory formed in the 1800's that calls cells the basic units of life

Hint 1

1. The theory put forth by Robert Hook

2. The second part of cell theory says that all cells come from cells

Front 2

Prokaryotes

Back 2

The simple type of unicellular organism that has no cell organelles

Hint 2

2. The prokaryote had a corkscrew shape

Front 3

Eukaryotes

Back 3

A complex type of organism that can be mulitcellular and cell's have many organelles

Hint 3

2. The cells of the eukaryote all did specific functions

Front 4

Nucleus

Back 4

The cell organelle that contains its protein synthesizing genetic code

Hint 4

2. Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus

Front 5

Chromosome

Back 5

A large strand of DNA by itself or wrapped around proteins

Hint 5

2. Chromosones contain RNA as well as DNA and proteins

Front 6

Nucleoid

Back 6

The area of a prokaryotic cell which contains its protein synthesizing genetic code

Hint 6

2. The nucleoid only has one chromosome while the the nucleus has many

Front 7

Plasmids

Back 7

Small circular DNA molecules found in the prokaryote

Hint 7

2. Plasmids and Chromosones do some of the same things but are found in different places

Front 8

Flagella

Back 8

Tail like proteins found on cells that allow them to move through liquids

Hint 8

2. The flagella of eukaryotes are found inside the cell

Front 9

Cell/Plasma Membrane

Back 9

A phosopholipid barrier that regulates material passage

Hint 9

2. Eukaryotic cell organelles have their own plasma membranes

Front 10

Cell Wall

Back 10

Rigid structures made of macromolecules that are found in prokaryotes, fungi, algae, and plants

Hint 10

2. The cell wall prevents plants cells from exploding in osmosis

Front 11

Ribosomes

Back 11

Structures made of RNA and proteins that build proteins

Hint 11

2. The ribosomes are part of the ER in eukaryotes

Front 12

Cytoplasm

Back 12

Portion of a cell where the organelles that are not the nucleus are located

Hint 12

2. The organelles of the cytoplasm are bathed in the cytosol

Front 13

Cytosol

Back 13

Solution containing salts, organic compounds, and protein system called the cytoskeleton

Hint 13

2. The cytosol is more complex than originally thought

Front 14

Organelles

Back 14

Parts of cells that had specific functions

Hint 14

1. Mitochondria

2. Only eukaryotic cells have organelles

Front 15

Nucleolus

Back 15

Part of cell where RNA is built

Hint 15

2. It is odd to think the nucleolus synthezises RNA which will synthesize something else

Front 16

Cytoskeleton

Back 16

Protein network found in the cytoplasm that lets the cell change shape

Hint 16

2. The cytoskeleton is in charge of moving organelles

Front 17

ER

Back 17

Part of cell that transports proteins to where they are needed in the cell

Hint 17

2. The part of the ER that contains ribosomes is called the rough ER

Front 18

Golgi

Back 18

Cell organelle modifies proteins that come from ER

Hint 18

2. The golgi is connected the ER and the vesicles

Front 19

Vesicles

Back 19

Cell structure connected to golgi and that releases proteins outside the cell

Hint 19

2. The vesicles participate in exocytosis

Front 20

Lysosomes

Back 20

Type of vesicle that decomposes macromolecules

Hint 20

2. Lysosomes are used in breaking down foreign particles

Front 21

Vacuoles

Back 21

Large plant vesicles that contain organic compounds

Hint 21

2. Vacuoles make up the majority of plant cells

Front 22

Centrioles

Back 22

Plant and Fungi organelles that help cells reproduce

Hint 22

2. Centrioles participate in the type of reproduction called mitiosis

Front 23

Cilia

Back 23

Eukaryotic flagella that move the cell

Hint 23

2. Eukaryotic cells have many cillia, unlike prokaryotic cells

Front 24

Colony

Back 24

Groups that unicellular organisms associate in

Hint 24

1. Volvax

2. Cells in colonies are still their own seperate organisms

Front 25

Mutlicellular

Back 25

Organisms made of more than one cell

Hint 25

2. The cells of multicellular organisms have different purposes

Front 26

Cell differentiation

Back 26

The process of cells becoming more complex and specialized

Hint 26

1. A red blood cell

2. Cell differentation is how mutlicellular organisms function

Front 27

Tissue

Back 27

A mass of cells with the same function in multicellular organisms

Hint 27

1. Muscle

2. Tissues are all made of the same type of cell

Front 28

Organ

Back 28

The arrangement of different tissues

Hint 28

1. Lungs

2. Organs are the part of biology most humans first learn about

Front 29

Organ System

Back 29

The arrangement of different organs

Hint 29

1. Nervous System

2. Animals have a variety of organ systems

Front 30

Organism

Back 30

The arrangement of different organ systems

Hint 30

1. Rabbit

2. Organisms have extremely complex levels of organization