Gw&sd Advanced Wastewater

Front 1

Organic Nitrogen is derived from?

Back 1

Amino Acids and Proteins

Front 2

2 step process for nitrification

Back 2

Oxygen and 2 types of bacteria

Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter

Front 3

Total conversion of NH3 to NO3 takes X Parts oxygen and X Parts Alk to convert 1 part NH3

Back 3

4.6 parts Oxygen and 7.1 parts Alkalinity

Front 4

NO3 + Organics + Heterotrophic bacteria = N2 & O2 & Alkalinty

Back 4

Denitrification

Front 5

NH3 + O2 + Alk + Nitrosomonas = NO2

NO2 + O2 + Alk + Nitrobacter = NO3

Back 5

Nitrification

Front 6

If your alkalinity drops below 50 mg/L what happens to your pH?

Back 6

Drops dramatically

Front 7

Never allow pH of your A-Basin to drop below what?

Back 7

6.5

Front 8

Alkalinity at the effluent before CL2 should never be less than what?

Back 8

50 mg/L

Front 9

DO Range for an anoxic zone

Back 9

0.2 to 0.5 mg/L

Front 10

pH of an Anoxic zone should be close to X? And should never drop below X?

Back 10

7.0 and 6.5

Front 11

Where does the term activated in activated sludge come from?

Back 11

It comes from the fact that the particles are teeming with bacteria, fungi, and protozoa

Front 12

TKN is what % of the Raw BOD?

Back 12

15-20%

Front 13

NH3 values are approximately what % of TKN values?

Back 13

60%

Front 14

What happens if you drop below a 6.5 pH in your A-Basin?

Back 14

Biological activity will be inhabited and toxic NH3 can bleed through the system

Front 15

What are the 2 types of Blowers?

Back 15

Positive Displacement and Centrifugal

Front 16

What type of blower operates at a high RPM?

Back 16

Centrifugal

Front 17

What type of blower operates at a low RPM?

Back 17

Positive Displacement

Front 18

Blower motor windings can deteriorate due to what?

Back 18

Heat and moisture

Front 19

How are blower filters cleaned?

Back 19

Steam cleaning

Front 20

What is the depth of a SBR reactor?

Back 20

10-12 ft.

Front 21

How many cycles per day for an SBR?

Back 21

2-6 cycles/day

Front 22

What is the sludge age in a SBR?

Back 22

25-45 days

Front 23

What is the sludge blanket in a SBR?

Back 23

5-12 ft

Front 24

How do you increase the number of organisms in an A- Basin?

Back 24

Increase the air

Front 25

Rapid growth of microorganisms happens when temperatures are ?

Back 25

Higher (summer)

Front 26

In lower temperatures (winter) what should you do to help treat the incoming BOD?

Back 26

Raise the MLSS to provide more microorganisms

Front 27

How many kingdoms are there?

Back 27

4

Front 28

What's the name of the 3rd kingdom?

Back 28

Protista (protozoa, algae, and fungi)

Front 29

What is the name of the 4th kingdom?

Back 29

Monera (bacteria, blue green bacteria)

Front 30

How many shapes do bacteria cells have and what are they?

Back 30

3, and coccus or round, bacillus or cylindrical, and sprillium or spiral

Front 31

How to bacteria reproduce?

Back 31

Binary Fusion

Front 32

How many phases are there in cell growth?

Back 32

4

Front 33

What are the four stages of cell growth?

Back 33

Lag, Log, Stationary, and death

Front 34

What happens in the Lag phase of cell growth?

Back 34

Cell grows in size

Front 35

What happens in the Log phase of cell growth?

Back 35

The cell grows in numbers

Front 36

What happens in the stationary phase of cell growth?

Back 36

Population remains constant because there are as many cells dying as there are multiplying

Front 37

What happens in the Death phase of cell growth?

Back 37

There are more cells dying then there are multiplying

Front 38

What are long chain filaments associated with?

Back 38

Low D.O. and high F/M

Front 39

What does Thriotrix grow well in the presence of?

Back 39

Sulfide ions

Front 40

What is the most common type of short filament found in activated sludge?

Back 40

Nocardia or Actinimycete

Front 41

What are short filaments associated with?

Back 41

Foaming, frothing in the A-Basin, and excessive brown foam/flocking sum in the secondary clarifiers

Front 42

What is single called and also known as indicator organisms?

Back 42

Protozoa

Front 43

How many types of protozoa are there?

Back 43

5

Front 44

What are the 5 types of protozoa?

Back 44

Amoeba, flagellate, free swimming ciliate, stalked ciliate, and suctoria

Front 45

What has a flexible cell membrane that changes shape with movement of protoplasm?

Back 45

Amoeba

Front 46

What possesses 1 or more hair like appendages called flagella?

Back 46

Matigophora or Flagellate

Front 47

What has numerous short hair like extentions called cilia ?

Back 47

Free swimming ciliate

Front 48

What is the most common type of stalked ciliate?

Back 48

Vorticella

Front 49

What sucks protoplasm out of other protoza and indicated older sludge with a high MCRT?

Back 49

Suctoria

Front 50

What multicellular animals have rotating cilia on their head and have a forked tail?

Back 50

Rotifiers

Front 51

What are rotifiers an indication of?

Back 51

Old activated sludge with a high MCRT and usually associated with turbid effluent

Front 52

What do worms in activated sludge do?

Back 52

They can metabolize some solid organic matter that is not easily metabolized by other microorganisms

Front 53

How many types/temperature zones with anaerobic digesters?

Back 53

3. Low, Middle, and High Range

Front 54

Psychtophilic Bacteria are associated with what range of anaerobic digester?

Back 54

Lowest Range

Front 55

How many days to digest sludge in a low range anaerobic digester?

Back 55

50-180 days

Front 56

What temperature zone of anaerobic digesters are associated with Mesophilic Bacteria ?

Back 56

Middle Range

Front 57

How many days to digest activated sludge in a middle range anaerobic digester?

Back 57

5 to 50 days

Front 58

Thermopolic Bacteria is associated with what anaerobic digester temperature zone?

Back 58

High range

Front 59

How many days to digest activated sludge in a high range anaerobic digester?

Back 59

5-12 days

Front 60

What is the normal vertical travel on a floating covered digester?

Back 60

8 feet

Front 61

What helps the recovery of a sour digester?

Back 61

Neutralize the acids with caustic material such ad anhydrous ammonia, soda ash, lime or transfer alkalinity in the form of digested sludge from the secondary digester

Front 62

How many inches of the water column are fixed tank digesters designed to maintain ?

Back 62

8 inches

Front 63

On a fixed cover digester what happens if pressure exceeds the designed limit and the water seal is broken?

Back 63

Air enters the tank and it could explode

Front 64

COD tests use both ____ ____ & ____ ____.

Back 64

Potassium Dichromate, Sulfuric Acid

Front 65

What is NH3 Stripping?

Back 65

Converting Ammonium Hydroxide Ions to Nitrogen Gas

Front 66

What is added for NH3 stripping?

Back 66

Lime or Caustic

Front 67

What pH range is best for NH3 stripping?

Back 67

10.8 to 11.5

Front 68

For every 10 degrees C increased in temperature, nitrifier growth rate ___?

Back 68

Doubles

Front 69

What is vector attraction?

Back 69

The characteristic of sludge that attracts rodents, flies, and other organisms capable of transporting infectious agents

Front 70

What type of pump is best for moving solids?

Back 70

Positive Displacement

Front 71

What type of valve is best for throttling?

Back 71

Butterfly

Front 72

What valve should you never throttle?

Back 72

Gate

Front 73

How many classes of fire extinguishers are there?

Back 73

5

Front 74

What are the classes of fire extinguishers and what are they for?

Back 74

A is for combustiblesB is for burning liquids or gasesC is for electrical D is for metallic K is for grease and oils

Front 75

What is the COD to BOD ratio?

Back 75

2:1

Front 76

Secondary clarifier minimum depth?

Back 76

12-15 ft

Front 77

Temp for BOD Incubation?

Back 77

20 degrees C

Front 78

Holding time and temperature for BOD testing

Back 78

48 hours for composite sampling at 4 C

Front 79

Carbon to Nitrogen to Phosphorus ratio?

Back 79

100:5:1

Front 80

Why is a fecal plate count stored in water?

Back 80

To hold a consistent temperature

Front 81

What is the preservative in the sample bottle for a phosphorus sample?

Back 81

H2SO4 (Refrigerate at 6 C)

Front 82

What preservative is used for ammonia sampling?

Back 82

H2SO4 (Refrigerate at 4 C)

Front 83

CO2 is hazardous and can cause what?

Back 83

Suffocation due to lack of Oxygen

Front 84

Are 1 ton cylinders stored vertically or horizontally? And what position are the valves?

Back 84

Stored horizontal (on their sides) with the valves vertical

Front 85

What happens when liquid CL2 makes its way into a gas feed system?

Back 85

It will freeze

Front 86

How to tell if your anaerobic digester is upset?

Back 86

CO2 content of digester gases go up and the pH drops

Front 87

What does a blue flame indicate?

Back 87

Rich in methane

Front 88

What does an orange flame indicate?

Back 88

Rich in carbon dioxide

Front 89

Optimal sludge blanket level

Back 89

.5 to 3 feet

Front 90

Typical BOD removal value range

Back 90

.25 to .45 per day

Front 91

Sludge is considered digested properly when what % of organic matter has been destroyed and converted to gas?

Back 91

50

Front 92

What area of the comminutor should be checked if there are ropes of rags surrounding the drum of the comminutor?

Back 92

Cutter head

Front 93

RTDs are most commonly used on what ambient-range temperatures?

Back 93

Lower

Front 94

Dosing polymer at a high rate onto a belt filter press can cause a condition known as X to show up in the belt filter press sludge on the gravity zone.

Back 94

Belt binding

Front 95

When using a draft tube mixer on an anaerobic digester, which bearing is most likely to fail?

Back 95

Shaft

Front 96

A 1 inch diameter shaft with a runout greater than X in. Indicates a bent shaft.

Back 96

0.002 in.

Front 97

The screening belt conveyor belt is not tracking properly. The most likely cause is ?

Back 97

Tail pulley is misaligned

Front 98

For a Mag meter to read correctly, it should be located X pipe diameters downstream of any valves

Back 98

5

Front 99

A gravity thickener uses X sludge?

Back 99

Primary

Front 100

A gravity belt thickener uses X sludge?

Back 100

Secondary

Front 101

What happens when a gravity belt thickener is fed too much polymer?

Back 101

It can bind the belt and cause washout

Front 102

Do you want to feed a gravity belt thickener slow or fast?

Back 102

Slow

Front 103

If your DAF system has good thickened sludge float concentration but solids are being carried over to the effluent what is most likely the cause?

Back 103

The float blanket is too thick

Front 104

Thin sludge with clear supernatant is an indication of hydraulic overloading in a gravity thickener? (True or False)

Back 104

False, it is an indication that the sludge removal rate is too high

Front 105

A partially submerged rotating drum is a part of what solids treatment system?

Back 105

Vacuum filter

Front 106

For anaerobic digestion, what percentage of methane and CO2 are produced when digested?

Back 106

Roughly 70% methane and 30% CO2

Front 107

Important test to check for the health of a digester?

Back 107

Volatile Acids to Alkalinity

Front 108

What chemicals can be added to help an upset digester?

Back 108

Lime and Soda ash

Front 109

What is the ideal loading rate of heated digested sludge?

Back 109

.15 - .35 lbvs/ft3

Front 110

% solids of sludge to feed an anaerobic digester?

Back 110

4% - 6%

Front 111

What helps remove struvite build up?

Back 111

Ferric chloride

Front 112

What is should your Volitile Acids to Alkalinity ratio be under?

Back 112

0.1

Front 113

Steps or fixes for an upset digester

Back 113

Reduce or stop feeding if possible,

Increase mixing,

Pump seed sludge from a secondary digester,

Add lime or soda ash

Front 114

What can cause foaming in an anaerobic digester?

Back 114

Inadequate mixing and overfeeding

Front 115

A yellow flame coming from the digester gas burner indicates poor gas quality due to a high concentration of X?

Back 115

Carbon Dioxide

Front 116

A thick scum blanket on an anaerobic digester is an indication that the digester X is too low?

Back 116

Temperature

Front 117

What is the purpose of a drainage zone at the beginning of a belt filter press?

Back 117

To allow most of the water combined with the sludge to drain off

Front 118

What can happen if the belt is traveling too slowly during the operation of a belt press?

Back 118

Solids can build up and cause improper drainage

Front 119

What is Luxury Uptake?

Back 119

The process in which microorganisms will take in or absorb more phosphorus than is required for their normal life sustaining process

Front 120

Chemical name of the lime used in wastewater?

Back 120

Calcium Hydroxide or Ca(OH)2

Front 121

What type of organisms are Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter?

Back 121

Chemoautotrophic

Front 122

What is most likely the cause of a COD increase in a denitrificaton units effluent?

Back 122

Methanol overdose

Front 123

When nitrate starts to increase what does this indicate?

Back 123

PH has drifted out of the 7.0 -7.5 range

Front 124

X X is the amount of energy in feet required to overcome resistance to flow in a pipe

Back 124

Friction Head

Front 125

What is the location of the lowest pressure point in a centrifugal pump?

Back 125

Center of the impeller

Front 126

What is it called when water recirculates within a centrifugal pump casing around the impeller due to a blockage of the pump discharge?

Back 126

Slip

Front 127

The height a liquid can be raised vertically by a given pressure is called ?

Back 127

Pressure head

Front 128

What is used to stop air leaking into the casing around a pump shaft when the pump is operating under suction lift conditions?

Back 128

Lantern ring

Front 129

What is the amount of energy in feet that a pump supplies to a fluid called?

Back 129

Pump head

Front 130

Ohms law

Back 130

Volts = (amps) X (ohms)

Front 131

Erratic changing of pressures is called ?

Back 131

Racking