Gsms 8Th Grade Science Staar Review

Front 1

PLATE TECTONICS

Back 1

Converging = mountains - come together

Diverging = rift valleys - pull apart

Transformation = earthquakes

Subduction = volcanoes - one below another

Front 2

CHONPS

Back 2

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

Front 3

EROSION

·

Back 3

Wind, Water, Ice, & Gravity MOVES sediment; Plants help by holding soil in place

Front 4

CHEMICAL CHANGES

Back 4

Rusting, Burning, Digesting, Bubbling, Fizzing, Unexpected Temp Change

Front 5

CONVECTION

Back 5

SUN produces energy; Warm air rises, cold air sinks; Winds; Ocean currents

Front 6

Physical change

Back 6

chewing, cutting

Front 7

extinction

Back 7

Cause - DESTRUCTION of HABITAT by humans

Front 8

Habitat

Back 8

where an organism lives

Front 9

Weather

Back 9

Low pressure = lousy (rainy, cloudy)

High pressure = happy (sunny)

Front 10

Fossil Fuels

Back 10

Coal, Oil, Natural Gas

Nonrenewable

Front 11

BIODIVERSITY

Back 11

variety of plants and animals in an

ecosystem.

Front 12

SUSTAINABILITY

Back 12

healthy ecosystem b/c large # of plants

& animals (biodiversity)

Front 13

Cell Characteristics

Back 13

Prokaryotic = no nucleus

Eukaryotic = has a nucleus

Autotrophic – makes own food

Heterotrophic – hunts food

Front 14

Excretory

Back 14

Filters waste (kidney)

Front 15

Balanced Forces

Back 15

NO movement OR constant velocity

Front 16

Unbalanced Forces

Back 16

cause motion

Front 17

HURRICANES are caused by

Back 17

LOW PRESSURE

WARM WATER (tropics)

SUMMER and FALL

Front 18

Succession

Back 18

Lichens & Moss -> Soil -> grass/weeds ->

shrubs->small trees -> big trees

Front 19

Evidence of Plate Tectonic Theory

Back 19

1. Continents fit like puzzle pieces

2. Fossils on opposite sides of oceans.

3. Major landforms on multiple continents

Front 20

TIDES

Back 20

Caused by pull of moon’s gravity

Front 21

Spring Tide

Back 21

Straight (sun, moon, earth)

Super High, Super Low

Front 22

Neap tide

Back 22

Moon at 90 (Ninety) degree angle from the earth

Front 23

GALAXY

Back 23

Made of Billions of stars; Milky Way is one

Front 24

Milky Way

Back 24

disk shaped (spiral) galaxy

Front 25

Stars

Back 25

make up a galaxy

Front 26

Nebula

Back 26

gas and dust that form a star

gas and dust made from dying stars

Front 27

Density

Back 27

mass / volume

Front 28

Speed

Back 28

distance / time

Front 29

Force

Back 29

mass x acceleration

Front 30

Velocity

Back 30

speed AND direction

Front 31

NEWTON’S LAWS

Back 31

1. Inertia

2. Force = Mass X Acceleration

3. Every action has equal and opposite reaction

Front 32

Inertia

Back 32

object at rest stays at rest

Front 33

Force

Back 33

Mass X Acceleration

Front 34

Potential and Kinetic Energy

Back 34

Front 35

Proton

Back 35

positive - inside nucleus - "big" mass

Front 36

Neutron

Back 36

neutral - inside nucleus - "big" mass

Front 37

Electron

Back 37

Negative - outside nucleus - TINY mass

Front 38

Atomic Mass calculation to find neutrons

Back 38

Mass

- Atomic # =

Neutrons

Front 39

Periodic Table

Back 39

Periods = rows, energy levels

Groups (family) = columns, similar properties, same valence electrons

Front 40

Periods

Back 40

rows, energy levels

Front 41

Groups

Back 41

columns, similar properties

same # valence electrons

Front 42

GROUP 18

Back 42

NOBLE GAS; Not reactive

Front 43

METALS

Back 43

Left of stair-step line

- luster (shiny)

- conduct electricity

- malleable and ductile

Front 44

NON-METALS

Back 44

Right of stair-step line

- no luster

- no conductivity

good insulator

Front 45

Element

Back 45

found on periodic table

Front 46

Compound

Back 46

made up of 2 or more elements (two or more capital letters)

Front 47

C6H12O6

Back 47

1 compound

3 elements

24 atoms

Front 48

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS

Back 48

Balancing an equation; same # of atoms of each element is found on reactant and product side

Front 49

Atoms in a chemical reaction are NEVER LOST OR GAINED, they are only REARRANGED

Back 49

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS

Front 50

2 Plant Cell Differences

Back 50

CELL WALL

CHLOROPLAST

Front 51

CELL ORGANELLES

Back 51

Mitochondria– Power plant. Energy

Vacuole– water storage

Nucleus– has genetic material (DNA, chromosomes, genes)

Front 52

Mitochondria

Back 52

Power plant; Energy

Front 53

Vacuole

Back 53

water storage

Front 54

Nucleus

Back 54

has genetic material (DNA, chromosomes, genes)

Front 55

Sexual Reproduction

Back 55

2 parents; diverse offspring

Front 56

Asexual Reproduction

Back 56

1 parent; uniform offspring

Front 57

PREDATOR

Back 57

hunts prey

Front 58

PREY

Back 58

eaten by predator

Front 59

PARASITE

Back 59

harms the host

Front 60

HOST

Back 60

harmed by parasite

Front 61

Work

Back 61

force x distance

Object must MOVE

Front 62

Acceleration

Back 62

Changing speed OR direction OR both

Front 63

Chemical Change

Back 63

New Substance is formed

Front 64

Endocrine

Back 64

regulates hormones (glands)

Front 65

Integumentary

Back 65

protects (skin, hair, nails)

Front 66

Circulatory

Back 66

transfers nutrients (blood)

carries gases

Front 67

Respiratory

Back 67

exchange of gases (lungs)

Front 68

The % OF ENERGY passed UP the Pyramid

Back 68

10

Front 69

CELL THEORY

Back 69

1. All life is composed of cells

2. Cells are the basic unit of life

3. Cells arise from other cells

Front 70

Atomic #

Protons

Electrons

Back 70

Always the same number!!

Front 71

Valence Electron

Back 71

Determines reactivity; # of Electrons in outermost energy level; look at Group #

Front 72

SEASONS caused by

Back 72

1. 23.5* tilt of earth

2. Earth's revolution around Sun 365 days

Front 73

BIOTIC

Back 73

LIVING factors (plants, animals, fungi, bacteria)

Front 74

ABIOTIC

Back 74

NONLIVING factors (sunlight, water, temperature, or soil)

Front 75

METALLOIDS

Back 75

ON the stair-step line

w/ properties of both metals & non-metals

Front 76

R * A * P

Back 76

Reactant --> Product; for balancing equations

Front 77

SUN

Back 77

Medium sized star; Near edge of galaxy

Yellow = average temperature

Middle of the HR diagram

Front 78

Waxing Crescent

Back 78

btwn new moon & 1st quarter

RIGHT bright & SKINNY

Front 79

new moon

Back 79

btwn waning crescent & waxing crescent

Front 80

first quarter

Back 80

btwn waxing crescent & waxing gibbous

RIGHT side 50% bright

Front 81

full moon

Back 81

btwn waxing gibbous & waning gibbous

Front 82

waxing gibbous

Back 82

btwn 1st quarter & full moon

RIGHT side bright & BIG

Front 83

waning gibbous

Back 83

btwn full & last quarter

LEFT side bright & BIG

Front 84

waning crescent

Back 84

right before new moon

LEFT side bright & SKINNY

Front 85

last quarter

Back 85

btwn waning gibbous & waning crescent

LEFT side 50% bright

Front 86

Lunar Cycle (Moon Phases)

Back 86

28 DAYS for a FULL CYCLE

Front 87

prokaryotic

Back 87

no nucleus - pro no!

Front 88

eukaryotic

Back 88

has a nucleus - you yes!

Front 89

autotroph

Back 89

makes own food; producer

Front 90

heterotroph

Back 90

hunts food; consumer

Front 91

dependent variable

Back 91

the variable that changes in response to the independent variable

Front 92

independent variable

Back 92

the variable the scientist changes

Front 93

scientific method

Back 93

steps scientists use to test solutions to scientific problems

Front 94

atom

Back 94

smallest particle of matter that maintains properties of that element

Front 95

models

Back 95

representation of something too small or too large to be seen

Front 96

nucleus

Back 96

center of the atom

Front 97

symbol

Back 97

1 or 2 letters; represents an element

Front 98

family

Back 98

same as a group; they have similar properties and reactivity

Front 99

shell

Back 99

energy level; electrons found here

Front 100

group 1

Back 100

alkali metals; MOST reactive; 1 Valence Electron

Front 101

group 2

Back 101

alkaline earth metals; VERY reactive; 2 VEs

Front 102

group 17

Back 102

Halogens; 7 Valence Electrons

Front 103

physical properties

Back 103

properties found using sight or touch

Front 104

conductivity

Back 104

able to conduct heat or electricity

Front 105

corrosive

Back 105

can be broken down by rust or acid

Front 106

reactivity

Back 106

ability to react with another element or substance

Front 107

density

Back 107

how heavy something is for its size

Front 108

solubility

Back 108

ability to be dissolved

Front 109

viscosity

Back 109

how thick a liquid is

Front 110

flammability

Back 110

ability to burn

Front 111

insulators

Back 111

NOT able to conduct heat or electricity

Front 112

luster

Back 112

ability to reflect light; shiny

Front 113

malleability

Back 113

ability to be made into foil

Front 114

yields

Back 114

reacts to; represented by the ARROW

Front 115

chemical equation

Back 115

shows a chemical REACTION using symbols -->

Front 116

chemical formula

Back 116

describes compound using symbols

Front 117

coefficient

Back 117

BIG number in front of a compound

tells how many molecules

Front 118

mixture

Back 118

a combination of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined

Front 119

Dissolving

Back 119

PHYSICAL Property

Front 120

subscript

Back 120

SMALL number lower right of the symbol

tells how many atoms

Front 121

100%

Back 121

Full Moon % of lit side visible on Earth

Front 122

0%

Back 122

New Moon % of lit side visible on Earth

Front 123

sunlight, water, temperature, or soil

Back 123

Abiotic Factors

Front 124

plants, animals, fungi, or bacteria

Back 124

Biotic Factors

Front 125

Newton's 3rd Law

Back 125

Each action has an equal & opposite reaction

Front 126

Mountains & Trenches

Back 126

made at CONVERGENT

Front 127

Ridges & Rift Valleys

Back 127

made at DIVERGENT

Front 128

Faults and Earthquakes

Back 128

made at TRANSFORM

Front 129

population DECREASES

Back 129

population DIES

Front 130

Carnivores eat

Back 130

MEAT

Front 131

Herbivores eat

Back 131

PLANTS

Front 132

Omnivores eat

Back 132

Meat AND Plants