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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Early civilization thought illness was attributed to..... |
natural and supernatural forces. |
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Illness was thought to be the result of..... |
some evil wrongdoing. |
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Diseases were often warded off by......
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incanations, magic, or charms or with the use of herb concoctions. |
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Who was the first physician to believe that treatment should be based on the belief that nature has a strong healing conponent? |
Hippocrates |
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What during the 20th century was a major cause for death? |
Infectious Disease |
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What environmental improvements improved the quality of life in the 20th century? |
sanitation, water, and food supply |
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What diseases reappeared in the 20th century? |
TB and measles
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What new infectious diseases appeared in the 20th century?
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HIV/AIDS, Ebola virus, and drug-resistant strains of organisms (Stapphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Salmonella) |
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Primary care physicians (PCP) purpose of being used is..... |
to reduce the numbers of hospital admissions, costly procedures and referrals. |
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WHO stands for and is.....
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World Health Organization, exists at the international level in that it is concerned with worldwide health promotion and disease prevention and treatment. |
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the response to a stressful situation.
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anxiety
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a lack of interest in one's surroundings.
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apathy
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divided into three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary. Aimed at disease prevention, includes proper education, nutrition, exercise, and immunization. Early diagnosis and treatment help to prevent permanent disability. When permanent disabilitiy arises, the aim is to maximize the level of functioning.
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disease prevention
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experessed feeling tones that influence a person's behavior.
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emotions
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a form of self-responsibility that demands that people take charge of their own decision making.
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empowerment
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a balance or a state of homeostasis.
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equilibrium
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a state of readiness to attack or flee caused by a perceived threat.
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fight-or-flight response
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a physiological response to stress that was described by Hans Selye, and involves these three distinct stages:
1) Alarm stage: Hormones from the adrenal cortex place the body in a state of readiness known as fight-or-flight response. 2) State of resistance: The body attempts to adapt to the stressors. 3) State of exhaustion: After prolonged exposure to stress, the body's energy becomes depleted. This may result in disease or destruction. |
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
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a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
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health
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health care directed toward increasing one's optimum level of wellness.
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health promotion
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that which begins once the disease process is stabilized.
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health restoration
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including not only physical aspects of health but also psychological, social, cognitive, and environmental influeces.
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holistic
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the average number of years person is likely to live...
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life expectancy
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a person's habits and usual practices common to daily living.
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lifestyle
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poor dietary practice that results from the lack of essential nutrients or from failure to eat available foods.
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malnutrion
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a return to an earlier stage of development during stressful periods.
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regression
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anxiety brought on by stress when the young child is separated from family by school, hospitalization, or family death.
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separation anxiety
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anything that upsets psychological or physiological balance.
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stress
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a relative state of health.
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wellness
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psychoanalytic theory
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Freud
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a/k/a health promotion, and examples of this type of prevention includes patient education on basic hygiene, nutrition, and exercise. Also, immunizations against infectious diseases, avoidance of substance abuse, and regular dental examinations.
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Primary prevention
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begins with diagnosis of disease or infectious processes. It focuses on the need for early diagnosis and treatment of disease to prevent permanent disability. It includes all interventions used to halt the progress of an already existing disease state. ex...breast self evaluation
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Secondary Prevention
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a/k/a health restoration, begins when a permanent disabiltiy occurs. Health restoration begins once the disease process is stabilized. Nursing care is directed toward rehabilitation and restoring the person to an optimal level of functioning. ex....pt, to, speech, AA
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Tertiary prevention
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Healthy-promotiong behaviors include ..
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Sound nutritional practice
Chemical avoidance Regular physical exercise Stress management disease prevention Healthy self-concept. |
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How many minutes of exercise is recommended for adults? |
30 minutes |
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How many minutes of exercise is recommended for children?
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60 minutes |
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In the future, the practical nurse will have five roles and responsibilites:
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1) Caregiver: Delivering health-care services
2) Teacher: Educating the client, flamily, and community 3) Advocate: helping clients choose between available options 4) Collaborator: Working as a member of a team, sharing and exchanging information 5) Role model: Practicing healthy lifestyle behavior that will influence and reinforce clients' actions. |
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common cultural barriers include
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difficulty with English
Lack of health insurance knowledge deficit reluctant to ask questions use of old cultural practice |
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the best practice for nurses
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holistic nursing
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Health is seen as the balance between the ying and yang
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Asian Americans
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a group of people who share certain similar physical characteristics including skin color, hair texture, facial shape, and or body shape and size
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race
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socially accepted rules and behavior that that guide an individuals behavior and interactions within a culture.
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norms
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written policies supported and enforced by the government
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Laws
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moral beliefs held strongly by members of the culture...failure to follow by these may lead to ostracism from the group....meaning kicked out of the group
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Mores
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customs within each culture that determine how we greet each other
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folkways
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negative stereotypes of race and ethnicity |
they are learned behaviors from the media and from the family |
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truths held by a cultures people
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beliefs
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deeply embedded feeling that determine what is considered good or bad
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values
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At what age do children already develop racial biases? |
by age 6 |
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Health is seen as harmony between nature and the universe
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Native Americans
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don't like staring or the evil eye...illness is believed to caused by internal imbalances between hot and cold temperature
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Hispanic Americans
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communicate in close proximity...males have male nurses and women have women nurses
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Arab Americans
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specific system of beliefs and worship that is closely integrated with culture
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religion
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Who are the largest religious group? |
Protestants |
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2 healthy goals according to healthy people 2010 |
illuminate life disparities and increase life expectance |
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poor dietary practice that results in lack of nutrients
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malnutrition
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going back to an old habit
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regression
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protest-loud crying
despair-looking sad detatchment-shutting down |
separation anxiety
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search for identity, peer pressure, struggling for independence
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adolescents
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what is the average life expectancy?
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77
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