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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Group work: |
A goal-directed activity with small treatment and task groups aimed at meeting socioemotional needs and accomplishing tasks. This activity is directed to individual members of a group and to the group as a whole within a system of service delivery (the environment). |
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Advantages of Group Work |
-Universality of experience -Normalizing -Logistical issues -Hope -Commitment to change -Peer feedback -Social Microcosm (small mirror of society—provides safe place to work on negative behavior) |
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Disadvantages of Group Work |
-Antisocial reinforcement -Group think -Childhood patterns -Fear -Individual vs. group -Confidentiality |
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Toseland and Rivas Group Stages |
1) Planning 2) Beginning 3) Assessment 4) Middle 5) Ending 6) Evaluation |
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Dr. A group stages |
planning beginning assessment middle eval ending |
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Group work tri focus |
Individual members Group as a whole Environment |
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Types of treatment groups |
Self help groups Support groups Educational groups Psychoeducational groups Therapy groups |
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Self help Groups |
formed around common problem members share; peer leadership format; provide emotional/social support, offer suggestions to one another, usually member facilitated (AA, 12-step groups) |
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Support groups |
foster mutual aid, enhance members’ coping abilities (drug/alcohol rehab) |
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Educational Groups |
help members acquire relevant info, learn new skills, low self-disclosure, presentation of material (parenting class) |
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Psychoeducational Groups |
combination of educational and support (family members of people with schizophrenia) |
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Therapy groups |
help members change behavior, cope with/ameliorate personal problems (people with depression looking for change/coping skills |
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Meeting client needs (individual) |
Teams Treatment conferences Staff development |
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Meeting organizational needs (group) |
Committees (most popular) Cabinets Boards of directors |
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Meeting community needs (environment) |
Social action groups Coalitions Delegate councils |
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1920’s Freud |
-Psychoanalytic Theory -Group work became more clinical -About treatment/diagnosis |
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1950’s |
: Golden Age of the study of group work |
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1960’s: Focus shift |
-Shift to training programs -Vietnam, huge movements happening (civil rights, women’s rights, etc.) |
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1970’s |
: Focus on group work declines |
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1979: First Annual symposium for the Advancement of Group Work |
-Popularity of group work increases to present |
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Models for group work practice |
Social Goals model Remedial Model Reciprocal Model Mainstream Model |
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Social Goals model |
Program activities—socialization |
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Remedial Model |
=Treatment (restorative or rehabilitative) =Changing behavior |
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Reciprocal Model |
Support and self help |
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Mainstream model: blending of models |
Any mainstream model should include the worker: =Helping members develop a system of mutual aid =Understanding, valuing, and respecting group process =Helping group members become empowered for autonomous functioning =Helping members re-experience their “groupness” at the point of termination |
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Major theories |
Learning Theory Field Theory Psychodynamic Theory Systems Theory Social Exchange Theory Narrative Theory Constructivist Theory |
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Learning Theory |
-Human behavior is learned as individuals interact with environment -Emphasis on clear and specific goal setting and contracting -Problem behavior is maintained by positive or negative reinforcement -Operant/classical conditioning |
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Field Theory |
-Concepts: roles, norms, power, cohesion, consensus, valence |
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Psychodynamic Theory |
-Freudian -Group members act out in the group unresolved conflicts form early life -Group members react to the group and its settings because of experiences -Group leader seen as all powerful father figure -Interaction between members are a reflection of personality structure and defense mechanisms that were learned in early life |
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Systems Theory |
-Micro system: family, friends…… Exo system: media…….. Macro system: economics, society -Attempts to understand the group as a system of interacting elements -Most widely used and broadly applied theory -Several influential theorists have developed conceptualizations of groups as social systems |
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Social Exchange Theory |
-Group behavior is analyzed by observing how individual members seek rewards while dealing with the sustained social interaction occurring in a group -Focuses on the way members influence one another during social interaction |
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Narrative Theory |
-Focused on starting where the client is -Understand client’s reality and reframe in positive light -Humans attach unique meaning to life experiences -Help individuals overcome oppression and restrictive life narratives |
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Constructivist Theory |
-Newer approach to clinical work -Meaning of life is created through life experiences -Focus on how members create realities through life stories and subjective experiences -Self-conceptions are created in a way on is socialized and experiences life |
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Reasons for Communication |
=to find out ones status relative to others =to understand people =to persuade =to defend themselves to provoke reaction = to present a unified image to a group |
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disrupters of communication |
barriers, noise, or transmission problems |
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Interaction patterns |
=cues and reinforcers to talk less or more =emotional bonds can attract or repel =subgroups can foster friendship or ostracize =size and arrangements affect interaction |
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Cohesion |
=attraction between members =unity =team work =more likely to listen, achieve goals, take on responsibility |
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Social Integration & Influence |
=how group members fit together = norms, roles, and status provide structure |
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Group Culture |
=values, beliefs, traditions, and customs =some will feel at home and others will not |
