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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Facilitation? |
when people are working alone, but in the presence of an audience |
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when is performance enhanced/diminished? |
-enhanced on simple, well-learned tasks -diminished on complex, new tasks |
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what is social loafing? |
-when people are working together towards one goal - |
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what happens when there's more people in a group? |
-more people in group, less each individual contributes --> diminished performance |
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What is the dominant response? |
-reformulation of facilitation of one's dominant response
-easy task: dominant response to perform well -hard task: dominant response to not do well |
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What's the Yerkes-Dodson Law? in regards to arousal and performance |
-presence of people --> arousal --> affected performance
-arousal increases up to a point where max performance is reached; can go beyond our optimal level of performance |
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what's Zajoncs modified Yerkes-Dodson Law? |
-different types of tasks have different optimal level of arousal -beyond optimal level of arousal, get anxiety, interferes with performance |
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What does this say about new/difficult tasks vs. well-learned/simple tasks? |
-new: too much arousal = anxiety = poor performance -well learned: dominant response exaggerated = great performance |
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social facilitation in cockroaches |
-easy vs. difficult maze with spectators -easy maze: performed well -difficult maze: performed worse |
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pool hall example |
IV1: high vs low initial skill IV2: alone vs. with audience Good players got better withaudience, bad players got significantly worse |
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Social Loafing Tug-of-war example |
-testing if loss of strength is due to loss of coordination or loss of motivation IV: makeup of team (alone vs 1,2,8 confeds) -confeds pretend to pull DV: pulling power results: pulls more when alone; more people, les motivation to pull -more social loafing in groups |
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Why and When do people loaf? |
-diffusion of evaluation -can't tell who's doing what; if no one can identify you, why would you give 100% |
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how do you stop people from loafing? |
identify them |
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situations where people tend not to loaf? |
-gender: me more likely to loaf (unless in group of attractive women) -more likely to loaf with strangers -more likely to loaf with unimportant task -more likely to loaf if individualist |
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Social compensation exp.: effects of team-mate's effort level on performance |
IV: work alone vs. with confed (high vs. low effort) DV: # uses for butter knife Results: -control/alone: many uses -high effort confed: sig fewer -low effort confed: sig more conclusion: -compensate by putting in more effort when partner not putting in work |
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Textbook: Group |
a collection of 3 or more people who interactwith one another and are interdependent in the sense that their needs and goalscause them to rely on one another |
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process loss |
any aspect of group interaction that inhibitsgood problem solving |
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transactive memory |
combined memory of 2 people that is moreefficient than the memory of either individual |
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groupthink |
A kind of thinking where maintaining groupcohesiveness + solidarity is more important than considering factsrealistically |
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Risky shift |
risky decision alone, riskierdecision with group |
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group polarization |
-tendency for groups to makedecisions more extreme than the initial inclinations of their members -Ex: individual conservativedecision, group even more conservative decision |
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transactional vs. transformational leaders |
Transactional leaders: setclear, short-term goals and reward those who meet them Transformational leaders:inspire followers to focus on common, long-term goals |
