Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
195 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What 4 things are included in the Superficial Fascia of the thigh and leg?
|
1. Fat
2. Cutaneous Nerves 3. Superficial Veins (great and small saphenous veins) 4. Lymphatic vessels and nodes |
|
|
What is the primary function of the deep fascia of the thigh and leg?
|
Limits outward expansion of contracting muscles --> makes contraction more efficient in compressing veins
|
|
|
Which fascia of the thigh forms the septa dividing the thigh into anterior, medial, and posterior compartments?
|
Fascia Lata (Deep Fascia of thigh)
|
|
|
Which structure is responsible for reinforcing the Fascia Lata, laterally?
|
Iliotibial Tract
|
|
|
Which two muscles converge together and form a shared aponeurosis called the Iliotibial Tract?
|
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Gluteus Maximus |
|
|
What is the name of the gap in the Fascia Lata that is inferior to the medial part of the Inguinal Ligament?
|
Saphenous Opening
|
|
|
What is the name of the Deep Fascia of the leg?
|
Crural Fascia
|
|
|
What is the Extensor Retinacula made from?
|
Thickened Crural Fascia
|
|
|
What is the function of the Extensor Retinacula?
|
Prevent bowstringing anteriorly during dorsiflexion
|
|
|
Why are feet prone to edema?
|
The loose superficial fascia under the dorsal skin.
|
|
|
What is the term for the deep fascia of the sole of the foot?
|
Plantar Fascia
|
|
|
What is the term for the thick and central part of the Plantar Fascia?
|
Plantar Aponeurosis
|
|
|
What is the Fibrous Digital Sheath?
|
Distal division of the Plantar Aponeurosis that encloses the Flexor Tendons
|
|
|
Which Fascia encloses the Flexor Tendons of the foot?
|
Fibrous Digital Sheath
|
|
|
What is the term for the transverse fibers that reinforce the Plantar Aponeurosis inferior to the heads of the metatarsals?
|
Superficial Transverse Metatarsal Ligament
|
|
|
Anterior Hip Flexors and anterior Knee Extensors are innervated by which common nerve?
|
Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)
|
|
|
List all the anterior Flexors of the hip.
What is their common function? |
1. Pectineus Muscle
2. Iliopsoas (Iliacus + Psoas Major/Minor) 3. Sartorius Muscle Common function: Flexes thigh |
|
|
Which anterior hip flexor muscle is also responsible for flexing the leg at the knee joint?
|
Sartorius Muscle
|
|
|
Which anterior hip flexor muscle is responsible for thigh abduction, and which is responsible for thigh adduction?
|
Thigh Abduction: Sartorius
Thigh Adduction: Pectineus |
|
|
Of the anterior hip flexors, which one(s) is not innervated by the Femoral Nerve?
What is the correct nerve innervation? |
Psoas Major and Minor
Innervation: Anterior Rami of L1-L3 |
|
|
List all the anterior thigh compartment Extensors of the Knee
|
Rectus Femoris
Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis Vastus Intermedius (Quadriceps Femoris Group) |
|
|
What is the common innervation for all anterior thigh compartment Extensors of the Knee?
|
Femoral Nerve
|
|
|
List the Extensors in the:
Anterior Compartment of thigh (extends knee) Posterior Compartment of thigh (extends thigh) |
Anterior: Quadratus Femoris Group
Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis Vastus Intermedius Posterior: Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Long and Short heads (x2 muscles) |
|
|
What are the 3 muscles that form the Hamstrings?
What is the common innervation? |
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris (long head) Innervation: Tibial division of the Sciatic Nerve (L5-S2) |
|
|
Which muscle's distal tendon is used in surgery for ACL reconstruction?
|
Semitendinosus
|
|
|
What is the course of events that occurs to the distal portion of the Semimembranosus muscle?
|
Attaches to medial tibial condyle > Blends with Popliteal Fossa > Becomes Oblique Popliteal Ligament
|
|
|
What is the difference between the innervation of the Long vs. Short head of the Biceps Femoris?
|
Long Head: Tibial division of the Sciatic Nerve
Short Head: Common Fibular division of the Sciatic Nerve |
|
|
What are the 2 main functions of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
|
Extensors of the hip
Flexors of the knee |
|
|
Which knee extensor of the anterior thigh is also responsible for helping to flex the thigh?
|
Rectus Femoris
|
|
|
Muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh are generally known as the __________ group?
|
Adductor group
|
|
|
List all the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh
|
1. Adductor Longus
2. Adductor Brevis 3. Adductor Magnus 4. Gracilis 5. Obturator Externus |
|
|
What is the common innervation for all the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?
|
Obturator Nerve (L2-L4)
|
|
|
What is the largest and most posterior and powerful muscle in the adductor group?
|
Adductor Magnus
|
|
|
What is the gap called between the Adductor Magnus and the femur?
|
Adductor Hiatus
|
|
|
Which group of vessels passes through the Adductor Hiatus?
Where do they go? |
Femoral Vessels
From anterior thigh to posterior thigh, then down to the Popliteal Fossa. |
|
|
What are the two parts of the Adductor Magnus? List the functions and innervations
|
Adductor Part: Adducts thigh, innervated by Obturator Nerve (L2-L4)
Hamstring Part: Extends thigh, innervated by Tibial division of Sciatic Nerve (L4) |
|
|
What is the function of the Obturator Externus?
|
Laterally rotates thigh
|
|
|
What is the most medial muscle of the thigh, and what are it's functions?
|
Gracilis
Adducts thigh Flexes leg Helps medially rotate leg (Obturator Nerve) |
|
|
Which 3 muscles attach distally to the Pes Anserinus?
|
Gracilis
Sartorius Semitendinosus |
|
|
What is the essential function of the Superficial Gluteal muscles?
|
Role in locomotion
|
|
|
Are there muscles that adduct the thigh in the Gluteal region?
|
No
|
|
|
What are the 4 muscles found in the superficial Gluteal region?
Common innervation? |
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fasciae Latae Innervated by Superficial Gluteal Nerve (L5-S1) EXCEPT for Gluteus Maximus = Inferior Gluteal Nerve (L5-S2) |
|
|
Which Gluteal muscles contribute to the formation of the Iliotibial tract?
|
Gluteus Maximus
Tensor Fasciae Latae |
|
|
Which muscle is the largest and heaviest in the body?
|
Gluteus Maximus
|
|
|
Which Gluteal muscle lies superior to the Sciatic Nerve?
|
Gluteus Maximus
|
|
|
What is the main structure that separates the Gluteus Maximus from adjacent structures?
|
Gluteal Bursae
|
|
|
What are the 3 types of Gluteal Bursae and what are their specific functions?
|
Trochanteric Bursa: Separates Gluteus Maximus from Greater Trochanter
Ischial Bursa: Separates Gluteus Maximus from Ischial Tuberosity (often absent) Gluteofemoral Bursa: Separates Iliotibial Tract |
|
|
Which muscle is responsible for both extending and laterally rotating the thigh?
|
Gluteus Maximus
|
|
|
Which muscles are responsible for both abducting and medially rotating the thigh?
|
Gluteus Medius + Minimus
Tensor Fasciae Latae |
|
|
Which group of muscles all have a distal attachment on or adjacent to the Intertrochanteric Crest of the Femur?
|
Deep layer of the Gluteal muscle region
|
|
|
Which group of muscles are mainly lateral rotators of the thigh?
|
Deep layer of the Gluteal muscle region
|
|
|
List all the muscles in the deep layer of the Gluteal region
|
1. Piriformis
2. Obturator Internus 3. Gemelli (superior & inferior) 4. Quadratus Femoris |
|
|
Which Gluteal muscle leaves the pelvis through the GSF and which leaves through the LSF?
|
GSF: Piriformis
LSF: Obturator Internus |
|
|
Why is the Piriformis muscle considered to be an important landmark in the Gluteal region?
|
Superior and Inferior Gluteal neurovascular bundles emerge superior and inferior to it, respectively.
|
|
|
Which nerve innervates the Piriformis muscle?
|
Nerve to the Piriformis muscle (L5-S1)
|
|
|
Which muscles make the Tricipital Muscle (Triceps Coxae) and where is it located?
|
Obturator Internus
Superior Gemelli Inferior Gemelli Located between the Piriformis and Quadratus Femoris (the two other deep gluteal muscles) |
|
|
What is the innervation of the muscles of the Tricipital Muscle?
|
Obturator Internus: Nerve to Obturator Internus Muscle (L5-S1)
Superior Gemelli: Nerve to Obturator Internus Muscle Inferior Gemelli: Nerve to Quadratus Femoris Muscle |
|
|
What is the innervation for the Quadratus Femoris?
|
Nerve to Quadratus Femoris Muscle (L5-S1)
|
|
|
Which specific location does the External Iliac Vessel become the Femoral?
What is the skin at this location innervated by? |
Femoral Triangle
Innervated by the Ilioinguinal Nerve (L1) and Genitofemoral Nerve (L1-L2) |
|
|
What is included in the Femoral Triangle?
|
Femoral Nerve
Femoral Sheath (Femoral Artery, Femoral Vein, Deep Inguinal lymph nodes) |
|
|
What is the name of the area that allows passage for structures between the Greater Pelvis and the Femoral Triangle?
|
Retro-inguinal Space
|
|
|
Which two fascias form the Femoral Sheath?
|
Transversalis Fascia
Iliopsoas Fascia |
|
|
What is created (medially) by the Femoral Sheath?
|
Femoral Canal
(not for the femoral nerve) |
|
|
What is the main function of the Femoral Canal?
|
Allows expansion of Femoral Vein during increased venous return from the lower limbs
|
|
|
Which canal is located deep to the Sartorius and is the location where the neurovascular bundle of the thigh traverses the middle third of the thigh?
|
Adductor Canal
|
|
|
Where does the Femoral Artery terminate, and what does it become?
|
After it descends through the Femoral Canal and the Adductor canal, at the level of the Adductor Hiatus the Femoral Artery terminates at the Popliteal Fossa and becomes the Popliteal Artery.
|
|
|
What is the course of ascent starting from the Popliteal Vein?
|
Popliteal Vein --> Femoral Vein --> Received deep vein of thigh (Perforating Veins +Great Saphenous Vein) inferior to the deep inguinal ligament and femoral triangle --> External Iliac Vein
|
|
|
Which arteries pass through the GSF and which muscles do they supply?
|
Superior Gluteal Artery:
Gluteus Medius + Minimus and Tensor Fasciae Latae Inferior Gluteal Artery: Gluteus Maximus, Obturator Internus, Quadratus Femoris, Superior part of Hamstring |
|
|
What is contained in the Popliteal Fossa?
|
1. Termination of Small Saphenous Vein
2. Popliteal Vessels 3. Tibial and Common Fibular Nerves 4. Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh 5. Popliteal Lymph Nodes |
|
|
Which Fascia protects and covers neurovascular structures passing from the thigh to the leg?
|
Popliteal Fascia
|
|
|
What is the fat filled compartment of the lower limbs?
|
Popliteal Fossa
|
|
|
What is the function of the Periarticular Genicular Anastomoses?
|
Surround and supply the knee joint
Provides blood supply during full knee flexion |
|
|
Where does the Popliteal Artery divide into the Anterior and Posterior Tibial Arteries?
|
Near the inferior border of the Popliteal Muscle
|
|
|
What are the 5 main contributers of the Periarticular Genicular Anastomoses?
|
Superior Lateral Genicular Artery
Superior Medial Genicular Artery Middle Genicular Artery Inferior Lateral Genicular Artery Inferior Medial Genicular Artery |
|
|
What are the 4 anterior dorsiflexors (extensors) of the ankle joint?
What are they innervated by? |
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Fibularis Tertius Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve (L4-L5) |
|
|
What are the two muscles found in the lateral compartment of the leg?
What are they innervated by? |
Fibularis Longus
Fibularis Brevis Innervation: Superficial Fibular Nerve (L5-S2) |
|
|
What is the function of the lateral leg muscles?
|
Evert the foot
Weakly plantarflexes the foot |
|
|
What does the Anterior Tibial Artery change it's name to when it approaches the ankle joint?
|
Dorsalis Pedis Artery
|
|
|
The Plantarflexors of the ankle joint are divided into the Superficial (3) and Deep (4) compartments. List the muscles in each.
Innervation? |
Superficial:
Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris Deep: Popliteus, Flexor Hallucis Longus, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Tibialis Posterior All innervated by: Tibial Nerve |
|
|
Which artery is the largest and most important branch of the posterior tibial artery?
|
Fibular Artery
|
|
|
Which two arteries supply the heel of the foot?
|
Calcaneal Branch of the Fibular Artery
Calcaneal Branch of the Posterior Tibial Artery |
|
|
Which general group of muscles maintain arches of the foot?
|
Plantar muscles of the foot
|
|
|
List the muscles of the outermost layer of the sole of the foot
Innervation? |
Abductor Hallucis - Medial Plantar Nerve
Flexor Digitorum Brevis - Medial Plantar Nerve Abductor Digiti Minimi - Lateral Plantar Nerve |
|
|
List the muscles in the 2nd layer of the sole of the foot
Innervation? |
Quadratus Plantae - Lateral Plantar Nerve
Lumbricals - Lateral and Medial Plantar Nerve |
|
|
List the muscles in the 3rd layer of the sole of the foot
Innervation? |
Flexor Hallucis Brevis - Medial Plantar Nerve
Adductor Hallucis - Lateral Plantar Nerve Flexor Digiti Minimi - Lateral Plantar Nerve |
|
|
List the muscles in the innermost 4th layer of the sole of the foot
Innervation? |
Plantar Interossei (adducts)- Lateral Plantar Nerve
Dorsal Interossei (abducts)- Lateral Plantar Nerve |
|
|
What are the two dorsal muscles of the foot?
Innervation? |
Extensor Digitorum Brevis - Deep Fibular Nerve
Extensor Hallucis Brevis - Deep Fibular Nerve |
|
|
Medial Plantar Artery + Lateral Plantar Artery =
|
Superficial Plantar Arch
|
|
|
Deep Plantar Artery + Lateral Plantar Artery =
|
Deep Plantar Arch
|
|
|
What are the two terminal branches of the Posterior Tibial Artery?
|
Medial Plantar Artery
Lateral Plantar Artery (larger) |
|
|
Deep Plantar Artery + Lateral Tarsal Artery + Arcuate Artery
are all terminal branches of which main artery? Where are they located? |
Anterior Tibial Artery
Located on the Dorsum of the foot |
|
|
Superficial Veins of leg
Deep Veins of leg Which one has more valves? |
Deep Veins
|
|
|
Dorsal Vein of Great Toe + Dorsal Venous Arch of foot =
(Hint: it eventually ends in the Femoral Vein) |
Great Saphenous Vein
|
|
|
Dorsal Vein of Little Toe + Dorsal Venous Arch of foot =
(Hint: it eventually ends in the Popliteal Vein) |
Small Saphenous Vein
|
|
|
What is the allowed passage of blood by the Perforating Veins of the LL?
|
From superficial --> deep ONLY
Perforates deep fascia, contains valves that allows this superficial to deep passage. |
|
|
Which appendicular skeleton is the Pelvic Girdle part of?
|
Appendicular skeleton of the lower limbs
|
|
|
What signifies the area of transition between the trunk and the lower limbs?
|
Pelvis
|
|
|
What is the inferiormost part of the abdominopelvic cavity?
|
Pelvic Cavity
|
|
|
Which pelvic division is occupied by the inferior abdominal viscera?
|
Greater Pelvis
(surrounded by the superior pelvic girdle) |
|
|
What is the Lesser Pelvis occupied by?
|
Pelvic Cavity and the Perineum
(and it is surrounded by the inferior pelvic girdle) |
|
|
What is the reason for the division of the pelvis into the Greater and Lesser regions?
|
A result from the Oblique Plane of the Pelvic Inlet
|
|
|
The Auricular Surface of the Ilium + Iliac Tuberosity make up the ____________ surface of the Ilium?
|
Sacropelvic Surface of the Ilium
|
|
|
Provide the type of joint made with the Sacrum by the:
1. Auricular Surface 2. Iliac Tuberosity |
1. Auricular Surface = Synovial articulation with Sacrum
2. Iliac Tuberosity = Syndesmotic articulation with the Sacrum |
|
|
What is the primary function of the Sacroiliac joints?
|
Linking the axial skeleton with the inferior appendicular skeleton
|
|
|
What do these all have in common?
Anterior Sacroiliac Ligament Interosseous Sacroiliac Ligament Posterior Sacroiliac Ligament |
They mediate the transfer of body weight from the axial to the LL skeleton.
|
|
|
Which 3 structures comprise the Greater Sciatic Foramen?
|
1. Greater Sciatic Notch
2. Sacrospinous Ligament 3. Sacrotuberous Ligament |
|
|
Which 2 structures comprise the Lesser Sciatic Foramen?
|
1. Lesser Sciatic Notch
2. Sacrotuberous Ligament |
|
|
What is the bony edge that defines the Pelvic Inlet?
|
Pelvic Brim
|
|
|
List all the structures that are present in the Pubic Symphysis
(not the bones) |
1. Superior Pubic Ligament
2. Inferior Public Ligament 3. Rectus Abdominis 4. External Oblique Tendons |
|
|
What is the inferior boundary of the external pelvis?
|
Perineum
|
|
|
Which 2 muscles are responsible in forming the pelvic diaphragm AKA the pelvic floor?
What are their respective innervations? |
1. Coccygeus Muscle
Innervated by branches of S4-S5 spinal nerves 2. Levator Ani Muscle Innervated by Nerve to Levator Ani, Inferior Anal Nerve, and the Coccygeal Plexus. |
|
|
What are the respective components of the Urogenital Hiatus in males and females?
|
Males: Urethra
Females: Urethra and Vagina |
|
|
What are the names of the three Levator Ani muscles?
|
Iliococcygeus (most lateral)
Pubococcygeus Puborectalis |
|
|
Which muscle is located superior to the Ischial Spine?
What is it's innervation? |
Obturator Internus
Innervated by Obturator Internus Nerve |
|
|
Does the Parietal Peritoneum reach the pelvic floor?
|
No, it does not because it reflects onto the pelvic viscera
|
|
|
What are the only structures ensheathed by the Peritoneum?
|
Ovaries and Uterine Tubes
|
|
|
What is the name of the Peritoneal reflection that stems from the AAW onto the superior surface of the bladder?
(this is for both male and female anatomy) |
Supravesical Fossa
|
|
|
Rectovesical Pouch
Rectouterine Pouch Vesicouterine Pouch Pararectal Fossae Rectouterine Folds Broad Ligament of the Uterus Ureteric Fold Which of these Peritoneal Reflections are found in Males? |
Rectovesical Pouch
Pararectal Fossae Ureteric Fold |
|
|
What is the order of the vasculature of the Pelvis?
(Medial --> Lateral) |
Arteries --> Veins --> Somatic Nerves (most lateral)
|
|
|
What is the order of the vasculature of the thigh?
(Medial --> Lateral) |
Veins --> Arteries --> Nerves
|
|
|
What is the main artery of the Pelvis?
What is the main artery of the Perineum? |
Main artery of the Pelvis = Internal Iliac Artery
Main artery of the Perineum = Internal Pudendal Artery |
|
|
At what specific location does the Internal Iliac Artery divide into it's Anterior and Posterior divisions?
|
At the Greater Sciatic Notch
|
|
|
Which artery supplies both the Bladder and Ductus Deferens?
|
Superior Vesical Artery
|
|
|
Which artery is only found in males, as it supplies the Bladder, Ureters, Seminal Vesicles, and the Prostate?
|
Inferior Vesical Artery
|
|
|
What is the terminal branch of the Anterior Internal Iliac Artery?
|
Inferior Gluteal Artery
|
|
|
What do
Inferior Vesical Artery Middle Rectal Artery supply in common? |
Both supply Seminal Glands and the Prostate
|
|
|
What do
Inferior Vesical Artery Superior Vesical Artery supply in common? |
Both supply the Bladder
|
|
|
What is the terminal branch of the Posterior Internal Iliac Artery?
|
Superior Gluteal Artery
|
|
|
Where does the Pelvic Venous Plexus drain into?
|
Internal Iliac Vein
|
|
|
Which two muscles form a bed for the Sacral and Coccygeal plexuses?
|
Piriformis Muscle and Coccygeus Muscle
|
|
|
Chief sensory nerve of the external genitalia?
|
Pudendal Nerve
|
|
|
Sciatic Nerve
Pudendal Nerve Superior Gluteal Nerve Inferior Gluteal Nerve Are all part of what main plexus? |
Sacral Plexus
|
|
|
Anococcygeal Nerve
Part of what main plexus? |
Coccygeal Plexus
|
|
|
What 4 spinal nerves innervate the pelvis?
|
Obturator Nerve
Lumbosacral Trunk Sacral Plexus Coccygeal Plexus |
|
|
What type of innervation do these nerves provide for the pelvis?
Superior Hypogastric Plexus Inferior Hypogastric Plexus Sacral Sympathetic Trunk Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve |
Autonomic innervation
|
|
|
Which Autonomic nerve of the Pelvis ends in the Ganglion Impar, located in front of the coccyx?
|
Sacral Sympathetic Trunk
|
|
|
Which Autonomic nerve of the Pelvis only has Parasympathetic fibers?
|
Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve
|
|
|
What is contained in the Pelvic Viscera?
|
Distal parts of the urinary system and GI tract
Reproductive system |
|
|
What is contained in the Urinary system?
|
Pelvic portion of ureters
Urinary bladder Urethra |
|
|
What is the pathway for the Ureters in the pelvic portion?
|
1. Enter the LESSER PELVIS by crossing over pelvic brim
2. Runs laterally between Parietal Pelvic Peritoneum and Internal Iliac Artery 3. Curves superiorly to the Levator Ani muscle to obliquely go through the muscular wall of the Urinary bladder |
|
|
Do the Ureters need peristaltic contractions to transport urine inferiorly?
|
Yes
|
|
|
What ligament is "attached" to the apex of the Urinary bladder and runs anteriorly from it?
|
Median Umbilical Ligament
|
|
|
What structure receives the Ureters at the Ureteric Orifices?
|
Trigone of the Fundus
|
|
|
What is the name of the smooth muscle that forms the walls of the bladder?
|
Detruser Muscle
|
|
|
What structure is formed by the Detruser Muscle?
|
Internal Urethral Sphincter
|
|
|
What ligament is found at the neck of the bladder?
|
Lateral Ligament of the Bladder (M an F)
Pubovesical Ligament (F) |
|
|
What is the respective male and female ligament that attaches to the Pubic Bones from the bladder?
|
Pubovesical Ligament (Females)
Puboprostatic Ligament (Males) |
|
|
What are the 4 parts of the male urethra?
|
1. Intramural
2. Prostatic 3. Membranous 4. Spongy |
|
|
Urethral Crest
Prostatic Sinuses Prostatic Ducts Seminal Colliculus Prostatic Utricle Openings for Ejaculatory Ducts Are all parts of which division of the male urethra? |
Prostatic Urethra
|
|
|
What is the vestigial Uterovaginal Canal found in males?
|
Prostatic Utricle of the Prostatic Urethra
|
|
|
What are all the parts of the Rectum?
|
Rectosigmoid Colon
Sacral Flexure Anorectal Flexure Ampulla |
|
|
Which part of the Rectum receives and holds feces?
|
Ampulla
|
|
|
What is the name of the peritoneal sac that covers the surface of the Scrotum?
|
Tunica Vaginalis
|
|
|
What is the name of the tough outer surface of the testes?
|
Tunica Albuginea
|
|
|
Which part of the Testes actually produces the sperm?
|
Seminiferous Tubules
|
|
|
Which structure stores and matures sperm?
|
Epididymis
|
|
|
What is the function of the Efferent Tubules?
|
Brings newly developed sperm to the Epididymis
|
|
|
What is the name of the venous plexus of the Testes?
|
Pampiniform Venous Plexus
|
|
|
What contributes to the thermoregulation of the Testes?
|
Pampiniform Venous PLexus
|
|
|
Where does the Pampiniform Venous Plexus drain into?
|
--> Testicular Veins --> Inferior Vena Cava (Right) or Left Renal Vein (Left)
|
|
|
Where do the Ductus Deferens enter the Anterior Abdominal Wall from?
|
Inguinal Canal
|
|
|
Do the Seminal Glands store sperm?
|
No
|
|
|
What do the Seminal Glands do to the sperm?
|
They give them a milky fluid to energize them for the long, HARD, journey ahead.
|
|
|
Where do the Ejaculatory Ducts end?
|
At the Seminal Colliculus of the Prostatic Urethra
|
|
|
2/3 of the Prostate is _________ tissue
|
Glandular
(1/3 Fibromuscular) |
|
|
What does the milky fluid secreted by the Prostate Gland do to the sperm?
|
Activates the sperm
Aids in transport of semen |
|
|
What is the significance of the Fibrous Capsule of the Prostate Gland?
|
It contains the Prostatic Plexus of Veins and Nerves
|
|
|
What are the 4 zones of the Prostate?
|
Peripheral
Central Transitional Anterior Fibromuscular |
|
|
70-80% of Prostate Cancer is derived from which zone?
|
Peripheral
|
|
|
10-20% of Prostate Cancer is derived from which zone?
|
Transitional
|
|
|
What structures actually pass through the Perineal Membrane and open in the Spongy Urethra?
|
Bulbourethral Glands
|
|
|
Which structure secretes a mucus like substance during arousal? (male)
|
Bulbourethral Glands
|
|
|
What innervates the Ductus Deferens, Seminal Glands, Ejaculatory Ducts, and the Prostate?
SP: PSP: |
SP:
Abdominopelvic Splanchnic Nerve Hypogastric and Pelvic Plexuses PSP: Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve Hypogastric and Pelvic Plexuses |
|
|
The Parasympathetic innervation of the male accessory organs form a group of nerves called ?
What are they responsible for? |
Cavernous Nerves
Penile erection |
|
|
What part of the Broad Ligament of the Uterus suspends the Ovaries?
|
Mesovarium
|
|
|
What does the Suspensory Ligament of the Ovary contain?
Does it suspend the Ovaries? |
Ovarian Neurovascular Bundle
Does not function in suspending the ovaries |
|
|
What connects the Ovaries to the Uterine Body?
|
Ovarian Ligament
|
|
|
What is the term for the Mesentary around the Uterine Tubes, also a part of the Broad Ligament of the Uterus?
|
Mesosalpinx
|
|
|
Where is the exact place of fertilization?
|
Ampulla of Uterine Tube
|
|
|
What separates the body of the Uterus from the Cervix?
|
Isthmus of the Uterus
|
|
|
What part of the Uterus contains the vessels and nerves?
|
Myometrium
|
|
|
List the 4 sphincters of the Vagina
|
Pubovaginalis
External Urethral Sphincter Urethrovaginal Sphincter Bulbospongiousus |
|
|
What are the visceral afferent fibers (pain) in the Fundus and Body of the Uterus?
|
Inferior Thoracic - Superior Lumbar Spinal Ganglia
|
|
|
The superior 4/5 of the vagina is innervated by?
|
Uterovaginal Nerve Plexus --> Inferior Hypogastric Plexus
|
|
|
The inferior 1/5 of the vagina is innervated by?
|
Deep Perineal Nerve --> Pudendal Nerve
|
|
|
Which triangle does the Perineal Membrane surround?
|
Urogenital Triangle
|
|
|
What nerve innervates the Superficial Perineal Pouch in both genders?
|
Pudendal Nerve
|
|
|
What are the 3 muscles found in the superficial perineal pouch in both genders?
|
Bulbospongiosus
Ischiocavernosus Superficial Transverse Perineal |
|
|
Which two muscles of the superficial perineal pouch are involved in erection?
|
Ischiocavernosus
Bulbospongiosus |
|
|
Clue: Innervating the External Urethral Sphincter muscle of the Deep Perineal Pouch, this nerve compresses the Urethra to maintain urinary continence.
What is it? |
Dorsal Nerve of Penis/Clitoris (terminal branch of Pudendal Nerve)
|
|
|
Clue: Space between either side of anal canal, filled with fat and loose connective tissue which allows for distention of anal canal during defacation.
What is it? |
Ischioanal Fossa
|
|
|
Clue: Entering this horizontal passageway at the Lesser Sciatic Notch, this allows for the Internal Pudendal Artery and Vein and the Pudendal Nerve to pass through the Obturator Muscle's fascia.
What is it? |
Pudendal Canal
|
|
|
What is the terminal part of the GI tract called?
|
Anal Canal
|
|
|
What are all the components of the Male UG triangle?
|
Distal Urethra (Intermediate + Spongy)
Scrotum Penis |
|
|
What attaches the root of the penis to the pubic symphysis?
|
Suspensory Ligament of the Penis
|
