Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
250 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the borders of the posterior triangle?
|
Trapezius m.
Clavicle Sternocleidomastoid m. |
|
What are the two triangles are in subdivided from the posterior triangle?
|
Occipital triangle
Supraclavicular triangle |
|
What muscle sub-divides the posterior triangle?
|
The posterior belly of the omohyoid
|
|
What are the nerves that can be found in the occipital triangle (7)?
|
Lesser occipital n.
Great auricular n. Transverse cervical n. Lateral, Intermediate, Medial Supraclavicular nn. Spinal accessory n. |
|
What muscles compose the floor of the occipital triangle?
|
Splenius cervices m.
Levator scapulae m. |
|
What nerves can be found in the supraclavicular triangle?
|
Dorsal Scapular n.
Suprascapular n. Long Thoracic n. Phrenic n. |
|
What arteries and veins can be located in the supraclavicular triangle?
|
Subclavian a.
Transverse cervical a. Dorsal scapular a. Suprascapular a. Subclavian v. |
|
What muscles make up the floor of the supraclavicular triangle?
|
Middle and posterior scalene m.
|
|
What are the borders of the anterior cervical triangle?
|
Body of Mandible
Midline of Neck Sternocleidomastoid m. |
|
What four triangles are formed from the subdivision of the anterior cervical triangle?
|
Muscular Triangle
Submental Triangle Submandibular Triangle Carotid Triangle |
|
What muscles subdivide the anterior cervical triangle?
|
Superior belly of omohyoid m.
Digastric m. |
|
What are the borders of the muscular triangle?
|
Superior Belly of Omohyoid
Sternocleidomastoid Midline of Neck |
|
What muscles can be found in the muscular triangle?
|
Omohyoid (Superior Belly) m.
Sternohyoid m. Sternothyroid m. Thyrohyoid m. Cricothyroid m. |
|
What "viscera" can be located in the muscular triangle?
|
Thyroid
Cricoid Cartilages Trachea Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands Esophagus |
|
What nerves can be located in the muscular triangle?
|
Ansa Cervicalis
Recurrent Laryngeal n. External Laryngeal n. |
|
What nerves provide innervation for the muscles in the muscular triangle?
|
Ansa cervicalis
|
|
What are the borders of the carotid triangle?
|
Omohyoid m. (Superior Belly)
Digastric m. (Posterior Belly) Sternocleidomastoid m. |
|
What nerves can be located in the carotid triangle?
|
Hypoglossal n. - CN XII
Ansa cervicalis Vagus n. Sympatheric chain Superior, Middle, Inferior Cervical Ganglia |
|
What arteries can be found within the carotid triangle?
|
Superior thyroid a.
Lingual a. Facial a. Ascending pharyngeal a. Occipital a. Posterior auricular a. |
|
What veins can be found within the carotid triangle?
|
Internal jugular v.
|
|
What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?
|
Body of Mandible (Styloid Process)
Posterior Belly of Digastric m. Anterior Bely of Digastric m. |
|
What muscles can be found within the submandibular triangle?
|
Stylohyoid m.
|
|
What "Viscera" can be found within the submandibular triangle?
|
Submandibular salivary gland
|
|
What nerves can be found within the submandibular triangle?
|
Mylohyoid n.
|
|
What arteries can be found within the submandibular triangle?
|
Facial a.
|
|
What muscle constitutes the floor of the submandibular triangle?
|
Mylohyoid m.
|
|
What are the borders of the submental triangle?
|
Anterior belly of the Right and Left Digastric m.
Hyoid Bone |
|
What is the floor of the submental triangle?
|
Mylohyoid m.
|
|
What structures transit the root of the neck to access the thorax?
|
Trachea
Esophagus Common Carotid Artery Internal Jugular Vein Vagus Nerve Sympathetic Trunk |
|
Which nerves innervate the anterior scalene m?
|
V. Rami of C4-C6
|
|
Which nerves innervate the middle scalene muscles?
|
V Rami of C3-C8
|
|
Which nerves innervate the posterior scalene muscles?
|
Cervical Spinal nerves C4-C8
|
|
How many sections can the subclavian artery be divided?
|
Three
|
|
Which arterial branches can be found in the first part of the subclavian artery?
|
Vertebral a.
Internal Thoracic a. Transverse Cervical a. Suprascapular a. Inferior thyroid a. |
|
Which arterial branches can be found in the second part of the subclavian artery?
|
Deep cervical a.
Supreme Intercostal a. |
|
Which arterial branch can possibly be found in the third part of the subclavian artery?
|
Dorsoscapular a.
|
|
Which of the three scalene muscles attaches to the second rib?
|
Posterior Scalene m.
|
|
How many arteries supply blood to the thyroid gland?
|
Two (L. & R. Superior Thyroid Artery)
|
|
How many veins drain blood from the thyroid gland?
|
Three (L. & R. Internal Jugular Veins and Brachiocephalic Vein)
|
|
Where is the origin of the thyroid gland?
|
The foramen cecum (in the tongue)
|
|
What joins the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland?
|
An Isthmus
|
|
What gland controls the metabolism of calcium in the blood?
|
Parathyroid gland
|
|
Where does the thoracic duct meet up with the venous system in the root of the neck?
|
At the union of the internal jugular and left subclavian
|
|
From what nerve does the Right recurrent laryngeal nerve branch off and pass under the subclavian artery?
|
The Right Vagus nerve (X)
|
|
What nerve can be found within the carotid sheath?
|
The Right Vagus nerve (X)
|
|
What nerve descends with the left common carotid artery?
|
Left Vagus nerve
|
|
At what vertebral level can the Superior Cervical Sympathetic Trunk be found?
|
C2
|
|
At what vertebral level can the Middle Cervical Sympathetic Trunk be found?
|
C6
|
|
At what vertebral level can the Inferior Cervical Sympathetic Trunk be found?
|
C7
|
|
What nervous tissue structure can be located on the longus colli muscle?
|
Cervical Sympathetic Trunk
|
|
On its way down neck, what does the inferior cervical sympathetic trunk pass behind?
|
Subclavian artery
|
|
What nerve passes in front of the subclavian artery at the level of the inferior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk?
|
Vagus nerve
|
|
What does the right vagus nerve cross anteriorly to enter the thorax?
|
The subclavian artery
|
|
What does the left vagus nerve cross anteriorly to enter the thorax anterior to the arch of aorta?
|
Left common carotid artery
|
|
What does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve loop posteriorly around?
|
Subclavian artery
|
|
What does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loop posteriorly around?
|
Arch of the Aorta
|
|
What nerve can be found on the anterior surface of the anterior scalene?
|
Phrenic nerve
|
|
What is the inferior cervical ganglion fused with the first thoracic ganglion called?
|
Stellate or cervicothoracic ganglion
|
|
What vessels can be found anterior of the anterior scalene muscles?
|
subclavian v.
suprascalular a. transverse cervical a. ascending cervical aa. phrenic n. |
|
What vessels can be found just posterior to the anterior scalene muscle?
|
Ventral rami of brachial plexus
Subclavian a. Costocervical branch of Subclavian a. |
|
What role does the frontalis portion of the occipitofrontalis m. play in facial expression?
|
Raises eyebrows in suprise
|
|
What role does the occipitalis portion of the occipitofrontalis m. play in facial expression?
|
It wrinkles the back of the neck
|
|
What role does the orbicularis oculi m. play? (Has three separate portions)
|
Blinks Eye (Palpebral portion)
Closes the Eye Tightly (Orbital portion) Squeezes tears into the lacrimal duct (Lacrimal portion) |
|
What role does the corrugator supercilii m. play?
|
Wrinkles the nose and forehead like when frowning
|
|
What role does the Compressor naris m. play?
|
Compresses the nasal cartilages
|
|
What role does the Dilator naris m. play?
|
Dilates the nose
|
|
What role does the Procerus m. play?
|
Wrinkles the nose
|
|
What role does the Obicularis oris m. play?
|
Puckers the lips
Keeps mouth closed in constant tone |
|
What role does the buccinator m. play?
|
Compresses the cheeks
Keeps food inside the oral cavity and out of the vestibule of the mouth when chewing |
|
What role does the levator labii superioris m. play?
|
Sneering
|
|
What role does the Levator labii superioris alequae nasi m. play?
|
Brings lip up to nose
|
|
What role does the Levator anguli oris m. play?
|
Helps in smiling
|
|
What role does the depressor anguli oris m. play?
|
Brings outer lip down in frowning
|
|
What role does the depressor labii inferioris m. play?
|
Curls the lip under in pouting
|
|
What roles do the zygomaticus major and minor mm. play?
|
Broad smile muscles
Used when grimacing |
|
What are the different branches of the Facial Nerve?
|
Muscular Branch
Posterior Auricular Branch Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical |
|
Where does the muscular branch of the Facial Nerve lead?
|
To Stylohyoid and Posterior belly of the Digastric
|
|
Where does the posterior auricular branch of the Facial Nerve lead?
|
To the posterior and superior auricular muscles and occipitalis
|
|
Where does the temporal branch of the Facial Nerve lead?
|
To the anterior and superior auricular muscles; to the forehead area
|
|
Where does the zygomatic branch of the Facial Nerve lead?
|
To orbicularis oculi
|
|
Where does the buccal branch of the Facial Nerve lead?
|
Muscles on the side of the face
|
|
Where does the mandibular branch of the Facial Nerve lead?
|
To the lower lip
|
|
Where does the cervical branch of the Facial Nerve lead?
|
To platysma
|
|
What are the three major divisions of the Trigeminal Nerve?
|
Opthalamic - V1
Maxillary - V2 Mandibular - V3 |
|
What branches of the Trigeminal nerve are found in the Opthalamic division?
|
Supraorbital nerve
Supratrochlear nerve Lacrimal nerve |
|
What branches of the Trigeminal nerve are found in the Maxiliary division?
|
Infraorbital nerve
Zygomaticotemporal nerve |
|
What branches of the Trigeminal nerve are found in the Mandibular division?
|
Auriculotemporal nerve
Mental nerve |
|
What are two sensory branches of the cervical plexus?
|
Great auricular nerve
Transverse cervical nerve |
|
What artery runs medial to the canthus of the eye by tortuous course, arches over the submandibular gland, and may arise from a common stem with the lingual artery?
|
Facial artery
|
|
Where does the parotid duct enter the oral cavity?
|
Enters mouth opposite maxillary second molar
|
|
What part of the mandible acts as a point of attachment for the temporalis and masseter muscles?
|
The Coronoid Process
|
|
What part of the mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone?
|
The Condylar Process
|
|
What is the region situates immediately posterior to the ramus of the mandible called?
|
The Parotid Region
|
|
What structure divides the parotid gland into superficial and deep lobes?
|
The branches of the Facial Nerve
|
|
Where does the facial nerve (VII) trunk emerge from the skull?
|
The Stylomastoid Foramen
|
|
What two branches of the facial nerve branch off before the bundle enters the parotid gland?
|
Posterior auricular n.
Nerve to Stylohyoid |
|
What artery courses deep to the parotid gland, along the posterior border of the ramus of the mandible to bifurcate into the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries?
|
External Carotid Artery
|
|
What artery can be seen within the parotid gland as it branches from the superficial temporal artery to traverse the face?
|
Transverse Facial Artery
|
|
What vein is formed by the maxilary and superficial temporal veins and courses through the parotid gland?
|
Retromandibular Vein
|
|
What two veins join to form the external jugular vein?
|
Retromandibular Vein
Posterior Auricular Vein |
|
What nerve runs through the parotid region between the head of the mandible and the external acoustic meatus?
|
Auriculotemporal Nerve
|
|
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the auricle, external acoustic meatus, outer surface of tympanic membrane, TMJ and skin of the temporal region?
|
Auriculotemporal Nerve
|
|
What nerve carries postganglionic parasympathetic secretory fibers from the otic ganglion, which regulate parotid glandular secretions?
|
Auriculotemporal Nerve
|
|
Which muscles are among the deepest contents of the parotid region?
|
Stylohyoid Muscle
Posterior belly of the Digastric Muscle |
|
What muscle other than the stylohyoid does the nerve to stylohyoid innervate?
|
Posterior belly of the Digastric
|
|
Where can the buccal/masseteric region me found?
|
Anterior to and on the external surface of the ramus of the mandible
|
|
Where are the attachments of the masseter muscle?
|
Inferior border and medial surface of the zygomatic arch
Lateral surface of the angle, ramus, and coronoid process of the mandible |
|
What nerve innervates the masseter muscle?
|
Masseteric n. (Branch from V3)
|
|
What action does the masseter m. perform?
|
Elevates the mandible
Contributes to mandibular protrusion |
|
The parotid duct and branches of the facial nerve transverse the surface of what structure?
|
Masseter m.
|
|
Where can the buccal fat pad be located?
|
In the region immediately anterior to the ramus of the mandible
|
|
What artery and vein can be seen within the buccal fat pad area?
|
The Facial a. and v.
|
|
What nerve can be seen emerging from deep to the mandible to provide sensory innervation to the buccal skin, mucosa and gingiva?
|
Long Buccal Nerve (Buccal Branch of V3)
|
|
What region of the face is situated immediately superior to the ramus of the mandible?
|
Temporal Region
|
|
What muscle is the major constituent of the temporal region?
|
Temporalis muscle
|
|
Where does the temporalis muscle insert?
|
The coronoid process of the mandible
|
|
What muscle can be located deep to the temporalis fascia?
|
Temporalis m.
|
|
Where is the origin of the temporalis muscle?
|
The floor of the temporal fossa and deep surface of temporalis fascia
|
|
What nerve innervates the temporalis muscle?
|
The anterior and posterior deep temporal nerves (branches of V3)
|
|
What action does the temporalis muscle have?
|
Elevates the mandible
Retrudes the mandible (posterior fibers) |
|
What artery and vein can be seen coursing along the superficial surface of the temporalis muscle?
|
Superficial temporal artery and vein.
|
|
What nerve supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the temporal region and can be seen on the superficial surface of the temporalis m.?
|
Auriculotemporal n.
|
|
What are the sole points of articulation between the mandible and skull?
|
Head of the Condylar Process
Mandibular Fossa of Temporal Bone |
|
What type of joint is the TMJ?
|
A modified hinge synovial joint
|
|
What does the lateral thickening of the TMJ joint capsule form?
|
The Lateral Temporomandibular ligament
|
|
What divides the TMJ joint cavity into two compartments and provides a point of insertion for the lateral pterygoid muscle?
|
Articular Disc
|
|
What is the outer layer of the cranial dura mater continuous with?
|
Periosteum
|
|
What is the inner layer of the cranial dura mater continuous with?
|
Coverings of the spinal cord and cranial nerves
|
|
What is the term for the dural spaces filled with venous blood draining from the brain to the internal jugular v.?
|
Dural sinuses
|
|
What cranial veins pass directly through the skull?
|
Emissary veins
|
|
What branch of the anterior ethmoidal artery delivers blood supply to the anterior portion of the dura mater?
|
Anterior meningeal a.
|
|
Which arteries branch from the maxillary artery to supply blood to the middle of the dura mater?
|
Middle and Accessory meningeal aa.
|
|
What arteries branch from the ascending pharyngeal a, occipital and vertebral aa. to deliver blood to the posterior aspect of the dura mater of the brain?
|
Posterior meningeal aa.
|
|
What nerve innervates the anterior portion of the dura mater of the brain?
|
Meningeal branches of the ethmoidal nn. (V1)
|
|
What nerves innervate the middle portion of the dura mater of the brain?
|
Meningeal branches of V2 - Middle Cranial Fossa
Meningeal branches of V3 - With the middle meningeal a. |
|
What nerves innervate the posterior portion of the dura mater of the brain?
|
Branches of C1-C2 from the posterior cranial fossa.
|
|
Where can the cereberospinal fluid be found?
|
Within the subarachnoid space
|
|
What structure in the brain produces the cerebrospinal fluid?
|
The Choroid Plexi
|
|
Where is the CSF resorbed into the venous blood?
|
In the arachnoid granulations
|
|
Where can arachnoid granulations often be found?
|
In lacunae (widenings of the dural sinuses)
|
|
What vessels transmit through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone?
|
Olfactory n. (CN I)
Anterior meningeal a. Branch of Anterior Ethmoidal a. Meningeal Branches of Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal nn. Branches of V1 |
|
What bones make up the anterior cranial fossa?
|
Frontal bone - Orbital Plate
Ethmoid Bone - Cribriform Plate & Crista Galli Sphenoid Bone - Lesser Wing |
|
What bones make up the middle cranial fossa?
|
Sphenoid Bone - Greater Wing and Body
Temporal bone - Squamous and Petrous portions |
|
What bone does the optic canal pass through?
|
Sphenoid Bone
|
|
What vessels are transmitted through the optic canal?
|
Optic Nerve (CN II)
Ophthalmic a. |
|
Where does the superior orbital fissure pass?
|
Between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone
|
|
What vessels are transmitted through the superior orbital fissure?
|
Oculomotor n. (CN III)
Trochlear n. (CN IV) Opthalmic div. Trigemenal (V1) Abducens n. (CN VI) Ophthalmic v. |
|
What vessels are transmitted through the foramen rotundum?
|
Maxillary div. of Trigemenal (V2)
|
|
Where can the foramen rotundum be found?
|
In the greater wing of sphenoid
|
|
Where can the foramen ovale be found?
|
The greater wing of sphenoid
|
|
What vessels are transmitted through the foramen ovale?
|
Mandibular div. of Trigeminal (V3)
Accessory Meningeal a. Lesser petrosal n. (Branch of IX) |
|
Where can the foramen spinosum be found?
|
The greater wing of sphenoid
|
|
What vessels are transmitted through the foramen spinosum?
|
Middle meningeal a.
|
|
Where can the foramen lacerum be found
|
Between sphenoid, petrous temporal, and occipital bones
|
|
What nerve crosses the foramen lacerum?
|
Greater petrosal nerve
|
|
Where can the carotid canal be found?
|
In the petrous portion of temporal bone
|
|
What vessels can be found in the carotid canal?
|
Internal carotid artery
Sympathetic nerve fibers |
|
Where can the facial hiatus be found?
|
On the Petrous portion of the temporal bone
|
|
What vessels are transmitted in the facial hiatus?
|
Greater petrosal nerve (Branch of Facial VII)
|
|
From what cranial nerve does the lesser petrosal nerve branch?
|
Glossopharyngeal n. (IX)
|
|
What bones make up the posterior cranial fossa?
|
Temporal Bone - Posterior portion of petrous temporal bone
Occipital Bone |
|
Where can the internal acoustic meatus be found?
|
In the petrous portion of temporal bone
|
|
What vessels are transmitted through the internal acoustic meatus?
|
Facial nerve (VII)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) |
|
Where can the foramen magnum be found?
|
In occipital bone
|
|
What vessels are transmitted through the foramen magnum?
|
Fibers connecting brainstem and spinal cord
Spinal contributions to Spinal Accessory n. (XI) |
|
What vessels are transmitted through the jugular foramen?
|
Glossopharyngeal n. (IX)
Vagus n. (X) Accessory n. (XI) |
|
Where can the hypoglossal foramen be found?
|
In the occipital bone
|
|
What vessels can be transmitted through the hypoglossal foramen?
|
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
|
|
What separates the external auditory meatus from the middle ear?
|
Tympanic Membrane
|
|
What forms the ridge that can be viewed from the outside of the tympanic membrane?
|
Malleus
|
|
What artery supplies blood to the external surface of the tympanic membrane?
|
Deep auricular a. (From Maxillary a.)
|
|
What artery supplies blood to the internal surface of the tympanic membrane?
|
Anterior tympanic a. (From Maxillary a.)
|
|
Which divisions of the ear are air filled?
|
External and Middle Ear
|
|
What structure can be found on the roof of the middle ear?
|
Tegmen Tympani
|
|
What bone separates the middle ear from the middle cranial fossa?
|
Tegmen Tympani
|
|
What is the space just beneath the tegmen tympani?
|
Epitympanic Recess
|
|
What nerve innervates the tensor tympani muscle?
|
Trigeminal (V3)
|
|
What is located on the floor of the middle ear?
|
A thin layer of bone separating the middle ear from the jugular foramen and the carotid canal.
|
|
What can be found on the posterior wall of the middle ear?
|
Aditus Antrum
Pyramid Foramen for Chorda Tympani n. |
|
What is the aditus antrum?
|
The entrance to the mastoid air cells located on the posterior wall of the middle ear
|
|
Where is the entrance of the stapedius m?
|
Pyramid on the posterior wall of the middle ear
|
|
What nerve innervates the stapedius m?
|
Facial nerve (VII)
|
|
What structures can be found on the anterior wall of the middle ear?
|
Tensor Tympani m.
Entrance of Auditory Tube Exit of Chorda Tympani n. |
|
What structures can be found on the lateral wall of the middle ear?
|
Tympanic Membrane
|
|
What structures can be found on the medial wall of the middle ear?
|
Promontory
Oval window Round window Facial Nerve (VII) Lateral semicircular canal prominence |
|
What structure produces the promontory?
|
1st Basal Turn of Cochlea
|
|
Where is the lateral semicircular canal prominence located?
|
Epitympanic recess
|
|
What structure is covered by the foot plate of the stapes?
|
Oval Window
|
|
Where does the tensor tympani m. insert?
|
On the malleus
|
|
What is the significance of the mastoid air cells?
|
It increases the volume of the mastoid process without increasing the weight
|
|
Where can the osseous labytinth be found?
|
The Inner Ear
|
|
What structures make up the auditory portion of the osseous labyrinth?
|
Cochlea
Modiolus |
|
What does the modiolus have located in its spiral canals?
|
Spiral Ganglion
Cochlear n. |
|
What structures make up the vestibular portion of the osseous labyrinth?
|
Vestibule
(3) Semicircular Canals (Anterior, Lateral, Posterior) |
|
What are the dilations of the semicircular canals called?
|
Ampulla
|
|
What are the branches of the facial n. near the ear?
|
Greater petrosal nerve
Nerve to Stapedius m. Chorda tympani nerve |
|
The greater petrosal nerve and chorda tympani nerve branch from which cranial nerve?
|
Facial n (VII)
|
|
What cranial nerves contribute to the tympanic plexus?
|
CN VII (Facial)
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) CN X (Vagus) |
|
What nerve synapses with the otic ganglion after passing through the foramen ovale?
|
Lesser petrosal n.
|
|
What do the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers leaving the Otic ganglion, travelling with the Auriculotemporal n. innervate?
|
Parotid Gland
|
|
From what cranial nerve does the auriculotemporal n come from?
|
Trigemenal (V3)
|
|
What branch of the Vagus nerve supplies innervation to the external ear?
|
Auricular Branch
|
|
What gland is found superior lateral to the globe of the eye?
|
Lacrimal gland
|
|
Where does the fluid from the lacrimal gland collect after spreading across the cornea?
|
Puncta lacrimalis
|
|
What is the flow of fluid from the lacrimal gland to the nose?
|
Lacrimal Gland -> Puncta Lacrimalis -> Lacrimal Canaliculi -> Lacrimal Sac -> Nasolacrimal Duct -> Nose
|
|
What is the membranous lining of the bony nasolacrimal canal?
|
Nasolacrimal duct
|
|
What structures are found in the outermost layer of the eye?
|
Sclera
Cornea |
|
What structures are found in the middle layer of the eye?
|
Choroid
Ciliary Body Iris |
|
What part of the eye contains the sphincter and dilator pupillae muscles?
|
Iris
|
|
What type of innervation (sympathetic or parasympathetic) is the sphincter pupillae m?
|
Parasympathetic
|
|
What type of innervation (sympathetic or parasympathetic) is the dilator pupillae m?
|
sympathetic
|
|
What structures are found in the inner layer of the eye?
|
Retina
|
|
Which chambers of the eye contain aqueous humor?
|
Anterior chamber
Posterior Chamber |
|
In what direction can the lens be found in relation to the iris?
|
Posteriorly
|
|
In what direction can the vitreous body be found in relation to the lens and anterior retina?
|
Posteriorly
|
|
What divides the anterior and posterior chambers?
|
Iris
|
|
How do the anterior and posterior chambers communicate?
|
Pupil
|
|
What does the visual axis pass through in the eye?
|
The center of the cornea, lens, and fovea of the macular region of the retina
|
|
What nerve innervates the levator palpebrae superioris?
|
Superior Division of CN III - Oculomotor
|
|
What nerve innervates the superior rectus muscle?
|
Superior Division of CN III - Oculomotor
|
|
What nerve innervates the Medial Rectus muscle?
|
Inferior division of CN III - Oculomotor
|
|
What nerve innervates the Inferior rectus muscle?
|
Inferior division of CN III - Oculomotor
|
|
What nerve innervates the inferior oblique muscle?
|
Inferior division of CN III - Oculomotor
|
|
What nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle?
|
CN IV - Trochlear
|
|
What nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle?
|
CN VI - Abducens
|
|
Where do the superior, inferior, medial, and lateral recti muscles originate from?
|
Annulus Tendineus
|
|
What structures pass through the annulus tendineus?
|
CN II - Optic
CN III - Oculomotor CN VI - Abducens Nasociliary n. Ophthalmic a. |
|
What structures pass superior to the annulus tendineus?
|
Lacrimal n.
Frontal n. Superior opthalmic v. |
|
Which oculo muscles produce a pure horizontal movement?
|
Medial and Lateral rectus
|
|
Which direction does the superior rectus muscle move the eye?
|
Up and medial
|
|
Which direction does the inferior rectus muscle move the eye?
|
Down and medial
|
|
Which direction does the inferior oblique muscle move the eye?
|
Up and lateral
|
|
Which direction does the superior oblique muscle move the eye?
|
Down and lateral
|
|
What muscle elevates the eye lid in conjunction with upward movements?
|
Levator palpebrae
|
|
What does the ophthalmic artery branch from?
|
Internal Carotid Artery
|
|
Where does the ophthalmic artery enter the orbit?
|
Optic Foramen
|
|
Where do the ophthalmic veins drain into?
|
Cavernous Sinus
|
|
Where does the optic nerve enter the orbit?
|
Through the optic foramen
|
|
Where does the oculomotor nerve enter the orbit?
|
Through the superior orbital fissure
|
|
Aside from innervating the medial and inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles, what does the inferior division of CN III provide?
|
Provides preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to ciliary ganglion to innervate the ciliary body and sphincter pupillae muscles.
|
|
Where does the trochlear nerve enter the orbit?
|
Through the superior orbital fissure
|
|
What are the three major branches of the Ophthalmic division of the Trigeminal nerve?
|
Lacrimal nerve
Frontal nerve Nasociliary nerve |
|
What does the frontal nerve divide into after entering above the annulus tendineus?
|
Supraorbital n.
Supratrochlear n. |
|
What nerves branch off of the nasociliary nerve?
|
Sensory Root through ciliary ganglion
Long ciliary nerve Posterior ethmoidal nerve Anterior ethmoidal nerve |
|
Which branch of the nasociliary nerve passes through the ciliary ganglion but does not synapse?
|
Sensory root
|
|
What does the nasociliary nerve turn into after the anterior ethmoidal n. branch?
|
Infratrochlear n.
|
|
Where does the Abducens n. enter the orbit?
|
Through the superior orbital fissure
|
|
Which nerves run through the ciliary ganglion?
|
Sensory root from nasociliary n.
Sympathetic root from interal carotid plexus Parasympathetic root from inferior division of oculomotor n. Short ciliary nn. |
|
Which nerves pass through but do not synapse in the ciliary ganglion?
|
Sensory root from nasociliary n.
Sympathetic root from internal carotid plexus |
|
What are the seven bones that contribute to forming the margins and walls of the orbit?
|
Frontal
Zygomatic Maxilla Lacrimal Ethmoid Sphenoid Palatine |