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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ovary
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Organ that houses developing ova.
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Follicles
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Nutritive and secretory cells surrounding developing ova
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Corpus Luteum
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Secretory cells that reorganize to secrete sex hormones after ovulation; yellow body. forms after ovum is released from ovary.
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Fallopian tube
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duct that provides passages for ovum to the uterus; also known as uterine tube and oviduct.
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Uterus
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organ that provides for implantation of the embryo; contains muscular myometrium and highly vascularized endometrium.
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Blastocyst
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Last stage and what implants on uterus
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Trophoblast
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forms placenta
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Fertilization
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Occurs in oviducts, cillia move embryo towards uterus, joining of sperm and egg.
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Gastrulation
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Process in which the embryonic cells migrate and differentiate to form different germ tissues.
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Ectoderm
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Germ layer on outside of embryo; forms skin and nervous system
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Mesoderm
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Germ layer that fills the space between endo and ectoderms; forms all other tissues and muscles, bones,blood, lymph cells and organs
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Endoderm
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germ layer that forms the inner lining of the embryo; forms the lining of digestive respiratory reproduction and urinary systems
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Extraembryonic Membrane
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Four membranes that form placenta
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Yolk Sac
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No yolk, rich blood supply, contibuters to umbilical cord
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What is ovulation?
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Release of mature ovarian follicle from the ovary.
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Ovum is surrounded by which two layers?
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1. Zona pellucida (mucopolysaccharide cells)
2. Corona radiata (follicular cells of culumus oophorus) |
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what is Culumus oo´phorus?
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A mass of follicular cells surrounding the oocyte in the vesicular ovarian follicle.
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What is peritoneal cavity?
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The peritoneal cavity is the fluid-filled gap between the wall of the abdomen and the organs contained within the abdomen.
(The peritoneal cavity contains the pelvis, stomach, spleen, gall bladder, liver and the intestines) |
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What is Secondary Oocyte?
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An oocyte in which the first meiotic division is completed.
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secondary oocyte is arrested at which stage of cell division? (hint: mitosis or meiosis?)
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Second meiotic division
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what do you call the funnel shaped opening of uterine tube?
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infundibulum
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what is the function of infundibulum?
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to sweep released follicle into uterine tube.
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identify the layers A and B around ovum.
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A. Zona pellucida
B. Corona radiata |
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what is the site of fertilization in uterine tube?
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Ampulla of uterine cavity (right beneath infundibulum)
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what happens during fertilization?
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sperm penetrates through zona pellucida and corona radiata to fuse with nuclei of ovum (fusion of pronuclei)
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what is the result of fertilization?
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1. Restoration of diploid number of chromosomes (2n)
2. Determination of sex of zygote 3. Initiation of cleavage (early mitotic division) |
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how many chromosomes are present in mature human gametes?
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Total 23
22 - autosomes 1 - sex chromosome |
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Morula
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Pre-implantation development of embryo on day 4
12-16 cell stage Solid ball of cells each cell is called blastomere still surrounded by zona pellucida |
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what is Blastocyst?
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zygote on Day 5.
central cavity forms filled with fluid. cavity is surrounded by blastomere. early cell differentiation zona pellucida disintegrate...hatching happens |
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how is blastocyst form?
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by merging of extracellular spaces of zygote cells.
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what are the two cell types in blastocyst?
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1. Trophoblast - outer cell layer --contribute to placenta
2. Embryoblast- inner cell mass (located at the pole of blastocyst)-- makes body of embryo |
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where does implantation takes place?
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blastocyst free of zona pellucida will penetrate posterior wall of uterine cavity. Implantation must be completed by Day 12 of ovulation.
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what is the process of implantation?
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1. "sticky" Trophoblast destroys endometrial cells
2. Trophoblast proliferates, invades. |
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what are the two subdivisions of Trophoblast?
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1. Cytotrophoblast (mono nucleated with distinct cell boundaries)
2. Syncytiotrophoblast (multi nucleated) |
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What is bilaminar disc?
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The two layer disc formed by the segregation of embryoblast.
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what are the two layers of bilaminar disc called?
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1. Epiblast ( columnar cells )
2.Hypoblast (cuboidal cells) |
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Epiblast give rise to what part of body?
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Body of Embryo and Amnion.
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hypoblast give rise to what part of embryo.
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hypoblast does not make any body parts of embryo it gives rise to endoderm of umbilical vesicle (yolk sac)
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what is Amnion?
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intercellular cleft in epiblast that give rise to amniotic cavity on day 8.
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why we call epiblast as pluripotent?
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epiblast cells have potential to differentiate into different cell types.
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Primary umbilical vesicle
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an outgrowth of flattened cells from periphery of hypoblast and transform the blastocyst cavity to umbilical vesicle sac.
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what forms between cytotrophoblast and the lining of amniotic cavity and yolk sac?
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extraembryonic mesoderm
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how is intraembryonic mesoderm form?
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first the primitive streak and primitive node (Day 15) forms in the epiblast then some epiblast cell will migrate and invaginate.
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which direction is the primitive node expand?
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cranial end of primitive streak (primitive streak is present at tail end of baby)
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what is prechordal plate?
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firm attachment of ectoderm and endoderm
at cranial end of embryo. |
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what is gastrulation?
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Early (very important phase in embryonic development) in the embryonic development during which the single-layered blastula is reorganized into a trilaminar ("three-layered") structure known as the gastrula.
(know the process) |
