Gross Anatomy 2 (2)

Front 1

boundaries of the carotid triangle
anterior
superior
posterior

Back 1

superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
posterior belly of digastric muscle
anterior border of SCM muscle

Front 2

floor of carotid triangle

Back 2

thyrohyoid muscle
inferior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles of the pharynx

Front 3

contents of the carotid triangle

Back 3

common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
external carotid artery
hypoglossal nerve
superior root of ansa cervicalis

Front 4

branches of the external carotid artery

Back 4

superior thyroid
lingual
occipital
ascending pharyngeal
facial

Front 5

the arterial system of the neck originates from branches of ? and ?

Back 5

common carotid
subclavian

Front 6

what does the vagus nerve run inbetween?

Back 6

internal jugular vein
external carotid artery

Front 7

arises from brachiocephalic trunk on the right side and aortic arch on left side

Back 7

common carotid artery

Front 8

2 branches of common carotid artery

Back 8

internal carotid artery
external carotid artery

Front 9

what branch off of common carotid artery does not have branches in the neck and enters the cranial cavity via the carotid canal?

Back 9

internal carotid artery

Front 10

subclavian arteries provide vasculature to the neck through branches of what vessels?

Back 10

thyrocervical trunk
costocervical trunk

Front 11

3 vessels that can be used in the evaluation of peripheral pulse on the neck and head region

Back 11

common carotid artery
facial artery
superficial temporal artery

Front 12

dilation at the distal end of the internal carotid

Back 12

carotid sinus

Front 13

carotid sinus is a ? and as such it senses changes in ?

Back 13

baroreceptor

blood pressure

Front 14

what does the carotid sinus receive sensory innervation from?

Back 14

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9)

Front 15

vascular structure that lies within the angel formed by the internal and external carotid arteries

Back 15

carotid body

Front 16

the carotid body is a ? and as suck it senses changes in the ?

Back 16

chemoreceptor

oxygen content of the blood

Front 17

what does the carotid body recieve sensory innervation from?

Back 17

glossopharyngeal nerve (9)
vagus nerve (10)

Front 18

the jugular vein begins superiorly at the ? at the base of the skull

Back 18

jugular foramen

Front 19

what runs with the internal jugular vein

Back 19

vagus nerve

Front 20

major tributaries that the internal jugular vein receives?

Back 20

superior and middle thyroid
facial
lingual

Front 21

the internal jugular vein joins the ? vein in the neck to form ?

Back 21

subclavian

brachiocephalic veins

Front 22

2 parts of the cervical plexus

Back 22

superficial (cutaneous) branches

deep (motor) branches

Front 23

superficial (cutaneous) branches of the cervical plexus

Back 23

C2: Lesser occipital nerve
C2-3: great auricular nerve, transverse cervical nerve
C3-4: supraclavicular nerve

Front 24

deep (motor) branches of the cervical plexus

Back 24

C1-C3: ansa servicalis
C3-5: Phrenic nerve

Front 25

what does the ansa cervicalis innervate

Back 25

omohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid

Front 26

the ansa cervicalis lies in the fascial covering of the ?

Back 26

carotid sheath

Front 27

what does the vagus nerve arise from?

Back 27

medulla

Front 28

3 branches of the vagus nerve

Back 28

pharyngeal branches
superior laryngeal nerve
recurrent laryngeal nerve

Front 29

2 branches of the superior laryngeal nerve

Back 29

internal laryngeal nerve
external

Front 30

lies posterior to the carotid sheath and superficial to the prevertebral fascia and has 3 gagnlia linked by sympathetic chain or trunk

Back 30

cervical sympathetics

Front 31

superior cervical ganglion branches to ? spinal nerves

middle?

inferior?

all branch via?

Back 31

C1-C4

C5-C6

C7-T1

gray rami commmunicates

Front 32

clinical syndrome caused by damage to the sympathetic nervous system in the neck due to lesion or compression on one side of the thoracic or cervical sympathetic chain

Back 32

Horner's Syndrome

Front 33

2 causes of Horner's syndrome

Back 33

Pancoast tumor (lung)
Thyrocervical venous dilation

Front 34

Clinical manifestations of Horner's syndrome:
drooping of upper eyelid?
constriction of the pupil?
absence of sweating on the affected side of the face?

Back 34

ptosis
miosis
anhydrosis

Front 35

lymphatic system in the neck involves these 4 nodal groups

Back 35

retropharyngeal and upper deep cervical nodes
submandibular nodes
jugulodigastric node
deep cervical node

Front 36

what do the lymph nodes of the neck drain into ? which in turn joins with ? and drains into ?

Back 36

jugular trunks

subclavian trunks

subclavian veins

Front 37

boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture

Back 37

1st thoracic vertebra
first rib
manubium

Front 38

boundaries of the axillary inlet

Back 38

1st rib
scapula
clavicle

Front 39

boundaries of the posterior triangle

Back 39

sternocleidomastoid
trapezius
lateral 3rd of clavicle

Front 40

3 prevertebral muscles in the posterior triangle

Back 40

splenius capitus
levator scapulae
posterior, middle, and anterior scalene muscles

Front 41

what divides the posterior triangle?

into?

Back 41

omohyoid

occipital triangle
subclavian triangle

Front 42

gap between the anterior and middle scalene muscles

Back 42

scalene triangle

Front 43

the subclavian artery can be divided into 3 parts by the ?

Back 43

anterior scalene muscle

Front 44

3 branches of the 1st part of the subclavian artery

Back 44

vertebral branch
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical trunk

Front 45

branch of the 2nd part of the subclavian artery

Back 45

costocervical branch

Front 46

branch of the 3rd part of the subclavian artery

Back 46

dorsal scapular artery

Front 47

the subclavian artery becomes the ? where?

Back 47

axillary artery

first rib

Front 48

the continuatoin of the axillary vein at the lower border of the 1st rib

Back 48

subclavian vein

Front 49

2 arteries that supply blood to the thyroid gland

maybe 3rd?

Back 49

superior thyroid artery
inferior thyroid artery

thyroid ima artery

Front 50

what drains the thyroid gland of blood?

Back 50

superior and middle which drain into IJV
inferior thyroid which drains into brachiocephalic vein

Front 51

where do the trunks of the brachial plexus arise from in the posterior triangle?

Back 51

scalene triangle

Front 52

major vein in the posterior triangle

Back 52

external jugular vein

Front 53

what drains into the junction of left IJV and left subclavian vein?

Back 53

thoracic duct

Front 54

what drains into the junction of the right IJV and right subclavian vein?

Back 54

right lymphatic duct

Front 55

what bones form the roof of the cranial cavity?

Back 55

frontal
parietal
occipital

Front 56

suture between frontal and parietal bone

between parietals?

between parietals and occipital?

Back 56

coronal

sagittal
lambdoid

Front 57

formed at the junction of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones and skull is very thin.

what does it overlie?

Back 57

pterion

middle meningeal artery

Front 58

lateral wall of the cranial cavity

Back 58

frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
sphenoid

Front 59

floor of cranial cavity

Back 59

frontal bone
ethmoid
sphenoid
temporal
occipital

Front 60

3 menigeal coverings that enclose the brain

Back 60

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Front 61

what does the excess CSF drain into ? via ?

Back 61

dural sinuses

arachnoid villi

Front 62

layers of the dura mater

in certain areas, layers separate from each other to form ?

Back 62

periosteal layer
meningeal layer

dural venous sinuses

Front 63

4 dural partitions that are fromed by the inner layer of the dura mater

Back 63

falx cerebri
tentorum cerebelli
falx cerebelli
diaphragma sellae

Front 64

2 dural venous sinuses associated with the falx cerebri

Back 64

superior sagittal sinus
inferior

Front 65

3 dural venous sinuses associated with the tentorium cerebelli

Back 65

straight
transverse
confluence of sinuses

Front 66

dural venous sinus associated with the falx cerebelli

Back 66

occipital sinus

Front 67

dural sinus associated with the diaphragma sellae

Back 67

intercavernous sinus

Front 68

veins that drain in to the dural venous sinuses

Back 68

emissary veins
diploic veins

Front 69

which 2 CNs are the only ones that do not attach to the brain by a single root but attach by separate sensory and motor roots(2)?

Back 69

V
VII

Front 70

CNs that are sensory only?

Back 70

1
2
8

Front 71

CNs that are motor only?

Back 71

3
4
6
11
12

Front 72

CNs that are both motor and sensory?

Back 72

5
7
9
10

Front 73

sensory functions of cranial nerves provide ? from the tissues of the head and 4 ? functions

Back 73

general sensation

special sensory
(sight, hear, smell, taste)

Front 74

CNs that have sensory functions have their pseudounipolar cell bodies located in ? which are analogous to the dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves

Back 74

sensory ganglia

Front 75

CNs that provide distribution of the cranial division of the parasympathetic nervous system

Back 75

3
7
9
10

Front 76

CN 1 name?

function?

Back 76

olfactory

olfactory (special sensory)

Front 77

CN 2 name?

function?

Back 77

optic

vision (special sensory)

Front 78

CN 3 name?

functions?

Back 78

Oculomotor

motor to 5 extraocular muscles
preganglionic parasympathetics to ciliary ganglion

Front 79

CN 4 name?

function?

Back 79

Trochlear

motor to superior oblique extraocular muscle

Front 80

CN 5 name?

function?

Back 80

Trigeminal

sensory from everything in in face and head

Front 81

3 parts of trigeminal nerve:
V1
V2
V3

Back 81

ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

Front 82

3 types of sensory functions that CNs deal with

Back 82

GSA
GVA
special sensory

Front 83

sensory from somatic structures

Back 83

GSA

Front 84

sensory from visceral structures: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands of viscera and carotid body and sinus

Back 84

GVA

Front 85

sensory from specialized receptors in the head which are related to vision, vestibular, and auditory sense, taste and smell

Back 85

special sensory

Front 86

3 types of motor functions that CNs deal with

Back 86

GSE
BE
GVE

Front 87

motor to skeletal muscle in the head derived from somite mesoderm

Back 87

GSE

Front 88

motor to skeletal muscle in the ehad derived from brachial (pharyngeal arch) mesoderm

Back 88

BE

Front 89

parasympathetic motor innervation to smooth muscle and glands of the head?

located in what 4 cranial nerves?

Back 89

GVE

3,7,9,10

Front 90

sensation from mucosal lining of oral and nasal cavities, nasal sinuses and sensation from mucosal lining of pharynx, esophagus, larynx, trachea, and middle ear comes from ?

Back 90

GSA

Front 91

muscles in the 1st arch of Branchiomeric muscles (BE)

Back 91

muscle of mastication
anterior belly of digastric
mylohyoid muscle
tensor veli palatini muscle
tensor tympani

Front 92

nerve associated with the 1st arch of the Branchiomeric muscles (BE)

Back 92

trigeminal nerve-Mandibular

Front 93

muscles associated with the 2nd arch of the Branchiomeric muscles (BE)

Back 93

muscles of facial expression
posterior belly of digastric
stylohyoid muscle
stapedius muscle

Front 94

nerve associated with the 2nd arch of the Branchiomeric muscles (BE)

Back 94

facial nerve

Front 95

muscle associated with the 3rd arch of the Branchiomeric muscles (BE)

Back 95

stylopharyngeus muscle

Front 96

nerve associated with the 3rd arch of the Branchiomeric muscles (BE)

Back 96

glossopharyngeal nerve

Front 97

muscle associated with the 4th and 6th arches of the Branchiomeric muscles (BE)

Back 97

all muscle of larynx
all muscle of palate, except tensor veli palatini
all muscles of pharynk, except stylopharyngeus

Front 98

nerve associated with the 4th and 6th arches of the Branchiomeric muscles (BE)

Back 98

vagus nerve

Front 99

muscles of the head that develop from somite mesoderm and these are not BE muscles

Back 99

skeletal muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus
skeletal muscles of eye
sternocleidomastoid and trap muscles

Front 100

3 parts of the pharynx

Back 100

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

Front 101

nasal cavities open into ?

oral cavity?

larynx?

Back 101

nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx

Front 102

chamber common to both the respiratory and GI tracts

Back 102

pharynx

Front 103

the auditory tube opens into what part of the pharynx?

Back 103

nasopharynx

Front 104

what separates the naso and oropharynx?

oro and laryngopharynx?

Back 104

soft palate

epiglottis

Front 105

from internal to external, the layers of the pharynx

Back 105

mucosa
Pharyngobasilar fascia
skeletal muscles
buccopharyngeal fascia

Front 106

skeletal muscle of the pharynx is made up of what 2 types of muscles?

Back 106

outer circular muscles
inner longitudinal muscles

Front 107

3 outer circular muscles of the pharynx

Back 107

superior constrictor muscle
middle
inferior

Front 108

3 inner longitudinal muscles

Back 108

stylopharyngeus muscle
salpingopharyngeus muscle
palatopharyngeus muscle

Front 109

thick submucosa connective tissue layer of the pharynx

Back 109

pharyngobasilar fascia

Front 110

most external layer of the pharynx and a subdivision of the visceral layer of cervical fascia

Back 110

buccopharyngeal fascia

Front 111

the ? space is continuous from the base of the brain inferiorly to the posterior mediastunim

Back 111

retropharyngeal

Front 112

2 parts of the temporal bone that are for articulation with the head of the mandible

Back 112

external acoustic meatus
mandibular fossa

Front 113

3 processes of the temporal bone

Back 113

mastoid process
styloid process
zygomatic process

Front 114

role of this bone is forming the floor of the anterior anf middle cranial fossae

Back 114

sphenoid bone

Front 115

part of the sphenoid bone that has 2 flattened plates that extend downward from the body of the sphenoid

plate names?

Back 115

pterygoid process

medial and lateral pterygoid plates

Front 116

a thin finger of bone projecting from the medial pterygoid plate

Back 116

hamulus

Front 117

superior pharyngeal constrictor origins

Back 117

medial pterygoid plate
hamulus
pterygomandibular raphe, mylohyoid line
lateral tongue

Front 118

middle pharyngeal constrictor origins

overlaps?

Back 118

stylohyoid ligament
lesser and greater horn of the hyoid

superior constrictor

Front 119

inferior pharyngeal constrictor origins

overlaps?

Back 119

oblique line of thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
tendinous arch

middle constrictor

Front 120

all 3 constrictors insert posteriorly into the ?

Back 120

pharyngeal raphe

Front 121

the pharyngeal raphe attaches at the ?

Back 121

pharyngeal tubercle

Front 122

do fibers of superior constrictor muscle reach all the way to the base of the skull?

Back 122

no

Front 123

what fills gap between superior fibers of superior constrictors and base of skull

Back 123

pharyngobasilar fascia
auditory tube
levator veli palatini muscle
ascending palatine branch of facial artery

Front 124

what fills gap between superior and middle constrictors?

Back 124

pharyngobasilar fascia
stylopharyngeus muscle
glossopharyngeal nerve

Front 125

what fills gap between middle and inferior constrictors?

Back 125

throhyoid membrane
suoerior laryngeal nerve
superior laryngeal artery

Front 126

what fills gap between inferior constrictor and esophagus?

Back 126

recurrent laryngeal nerve
laryngeal branch of inferior thyroid artery

Front 127

the stylopharyngeus arises from the ? and passes deeply between the fibers of the ? and ? muscles

inserts?

Back 127

styloid process

superior and middle constrictors

superior horn of thyroid cartilage
upper border of thyroid lamina

Front 128

the ? and ? muscles are only visible from the internal aspect of the pharynx

Back 128

salpingopharyngeus

palatopharyngeus

Front 129

the salpingopharyngeus arises from the ?

palatopharyngeus arises from?

both insert ?

Back 129

auditory tube

soft palate

posterior wall of pharynx

Front 130

the ? extends from base of skull to the level of the palate

Back 130

nasopharynx

Front 131

the entrances from the nasal cavity are the ?, 2 oval openings on either side of the nasal septum

Back 131

choanae

Front 132

3 things in the wall of the nasopharynx

Back 132

auditory tube
torus tubaris
pharyngeal recess

Front 133

fold of mucosa overlying the salpingopharyngeus muscle

Back 133

salpingopharyngeal fold

Front 134

the position of the ? is near th roof of the nasopharynx

Back 134

pharyngeal tonsil

Front 135

The ? extends from the palate to the upper margin of the epiglottis.

it is where ? and ? system cross

Back 135

oropharynx

digestive
respiratory

Front 136

The entrance from the oral cavity is the ? demarcated by the ?

Back 136

oropharyngeal isthmus

tonsillar pillars.

Front 137

the tonsillar pillars consist of
? (overlying the palatoglossus muscle anteriorly)
? (overlying the palatopharyngeus muscles
posteriorly).
The ? lies between the two pillars.

Back 137

palatoglossal fold

palatopharyngeal fold

palatine tonsil

Front 138

The ? are relatively deep pockets that lie on either side of the cricoid cartilage and below the pharyngoepiglottic and aryepiglottic folds of the laryngopharynx

Back 138

piriform recesses

Front 139

The lateral wall of the piriform recess is the mucosa overlying the posterior border of the ?

Back 139

lamina of thyroid cartilage.

Front 140

5 arteries of the pharynx

Back 140

ascending pharyngeal artery
ascending palatine artery
descending palatine
pharyngeal branches
muscular branches

Front 141

ascending pharyngeal artery is branch of ?

ascending palatine artery?

descending palatine artery?

pharyngeal branches?

muscular branches?

Back 141

external carotid

facial artery

maxillary artery

maxillary artery

inferior thyroid artery

Front 142

the veins of the pharynx form ? plexuses and drain into ? and ?

Back 142

2

pterygoid plexus of veins

internal jugular

Front 143

Lymphatic drainage of the pharynx is primarily via the ? and j? nodes into the deep cervical nodes surrounding the internal jugular vein.

Back 143

retropharyngeal

jugulodigastric

Front 144

sensory information from the naso-pharynx

oro-pharynx?

laryngopharynx?

Back 144

maxillary nerve (CNV2)

glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)

vagus nerve (CNX)

Front 145

motor innervation to the stylopharyngeus muscle?

all constrictors, salpingopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus muscles?

Back 145

glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)

vagus nerve (CNX)

Front 146

vasomotor innervation of the pharynx?

Back 146

sympathetics

Front 147

hollow musculoligamentous structure with a cartilaginous framework that caps the lower respiratory tract

Back 147

larynx

Front 148

the larynx is suspended from the ?

Back 148

hyoid bone

Front 149

is the larynx mobile?

Back 149

highly

Front 150

5 cartilages associated with the larynx

Back 150

cricoid
thyroid
arytenoid
cuneifrom
corniculate

Front 151

all but one of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx is encased in or behind the ?

Back 151

thyroid lamina

Front 152

The internal part of the larynx is covered by ?. When muscosa covers another structure (such as a ligament), they are often known together as a ?

Back 152

mucosa

fold.

Front 153

The larynx is important in swallowing, phonation, respiration, and something called ? such as when the trunk is stablized during heavy lifting

Back 153

effort closure

Front 154

7 muscles of the larynx

Back 154

cricothyroid
posterior cricoarytenoid
lateral cricoarytenoid
transverse arytenoid
oblique arytenoid
thyroarytenoid

Front 155

all muscles of the larynx are innervated by ?

except?
innervated by?

Back 155

recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve

cricothyroid
external superior laryngeal branch of vagus

Front 156

Sensory to the level of the vocal folds

Back 156

internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

Front 157

sensory below the vocal folds

Back 157

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Front 158

3 extrinsic ligaments of the larynx

Back 158

hyo-epiglottic ligament
thyrohyoid membrane
crico-tracheal ligament

Front 159

only muscle of larynx that abducts?

Back 159

posterior cricoarytenoid

Front 160

3 unpaired cartilages of larynx

Back 160

cricoid
thyroid
epiglottis

Front 161

3 paired cartilages in the larynx

Back 161

cuneiform (superior)
corniculate
arytenoid (inferior)