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4 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is granuloma? |
A structure or pattern formed during chronic inflammation in many diseases, as a result of a collection of macrophages, especially T-lymphocytes, where the immune system, (especially first responder cells like neutrophils and eosinophils) , fail to eliminate a foreign substance (bacteria, fungi) and therefore the body walls off the substance. |
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What are epitheloid macrophages? |
Macrophages, especially T-lymphocytes, that are present in tissues are called histiocytes. When sensitized by an antigen, they form a granuloma. The cell, though non epithelial, shows some changes that resemble epithelial cells, like elongated eosinophilic cytoplasm resembling a slipper, the nucleus becomes flattened, resembling epitheloid cells. They are the essential structures of a granuloma |
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What are giant cells? |
A few Activated macrophages around a granuloma fuse to form a giant cell also known as Langhan's giant cell with a huge cytoplasm and many nuclei. Usually seen in many types of granulomas |
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What are the diseases where granulomas seen? |
Mycobacterium (tb and leprosy), fungal ( cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis), parasites (scistosomiosis, ascariasis. |
