Gram Negative Cocci And Rods

Front 1

Large group of Gram negative cocci studied in class. Includes N. gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) and N. meningitidis (meningococcus). Grows with extra CO2 on chocolate agar. Usually come in pairs with flattened common side. Have capsule and fimbriae.

Back 1

Neisseria

Front 2

Cocci in the family Neisseria have what outer membrane structures (2)

Back 2

Capsules, fimbrae

Front 3

The two species of Neisseria that cause human disease.

Back 3

Gonococcus (N. gonorrhoeae) and meningococca (N. meningitidis)

Front 4

ID50, virulence factors(4), host of gonococcus (N. gonorrhoeae)

Back 4

100; capsule, fimbrae, IgA destroying enzyme, survive inside neutrophils; hosts humans only

Front 5

Women contract Gonococcus (N. gonorrhoeae) at _____% and men contract it at ____%. _______ contract Gonococcus more easily

Back 5

50, 30, women

Front 6

Symptoms of Gonococcus (N. gonorrhoeae) in Men (2)

Back 6

Burning in urination, pus discharge from penis

Front 7

Women are often ___________ when they contract Gonococcus and tend to mistake it for other infections.

Back 7

Asymptomatic

Front 8

Gonococcus N. gonorrhoeae is one of the organisms involved in ______ _______ _______ (PID)

Back 8

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Front 9

Parts of the body Gonococcus can infect (4)

Back 9

Gums (gingivitis), throat (pharyngitis), anus (proctitis), and the urethra (urethritis)

Front 10

Gonococcus (N. gonorrhoeae) disease that affects newborns if they exposed to it through the bith canal

Back 10

Opthalmia neonatorum

Front 11

Inflammation of the anal region due to(in this case) gonococcus

Back 11

Proctitis

Front 12

Inflammation of the gums due to (in this case) gonococcus via oral sex.

Back 12

Gingivitis

Front 13

Inflammation of the throat due to exposure to gonococcus via oral sex

Back 13

Pharyngitis

Front 14

Gonococcus rarely can cause an _________ infection if it enters the _______

Back 14

Internal, blood

Front 15

How Gonococcus (N. gonorrhoeae) is diagnosed in men (2)

Back 15

1) Pus in urethra 2) gram - diplococci

Front 16

Diagnosis for Asymptomatic (mostly women) cases of gonococcus (N. gonorrhoeae)

Back 16

Genetic test kit

Front 17

Gonococcus is treated with _________but are becoming ________ to many.

Back 17

Antibiotics, resistence.

Front 18

Why there is no vaccine to N. gonorrhoeae

Back 18

Theycan vary suface antigens rapidly, so resistance doesn't develop.

Front 19

3 ways to prevent the spread of gonococcus (N. gonorrhoeae)

Back 19

Condoms, stay with safe partner, abstinance.

Front 20

How to treat gonococcus in newborns

Back 20

Antimicrobials in eye.

Front 21

Gonococcus use the their capsule and fimbrae to______ to ________ ________

Back 21

Adhere, mucous membranes)

Front 22

Smaller group of Neisseria that causes meningitis.

Back 22

N. meningitidis

Front 23

Virulence factors of N. meningitidis (2)

Back 23

Can survice in neutrophils and macrophages, sheds membrane to release endotoxin (2)

Front 24

N. meningitidis is the resident flora in the URT of___% of the population.

Back 24

40

Front 25

Symptoms of N. meningitidis (6)

Back 25

Sore throat, stiff neck, vomitting, headache, fever, septicemia

Hint 25

Sss

Front 26

When N. meningitidis causes septicemia it leads to ______ and _________ that damages organs

Back 26

Shock, coagulation

Front 27

Diagnosis of N. meningitidis (2)

Back 27

Spinal tap with cloudy fluid that contain G- diplococci, genetic tests that differentiate from gonococcus

Hint 27

Movie name

Front 28

Treatment of N. meningitidis (3)

Back 28

IV penicillin, treat exposed individuals with prophylactic antibiotics, vaccine (for some strains for people over 2).

Front 29

2 Families of G- rods that are facultative anaerobes and their oxidase results

Back 29

Enterobacteriaceae (ox -), Pasteurellaceae (ox +)

Front 30

N. meningitidis can move to non carriers via ________ in close quarters

Back 30

Droplets (aerosols)

Front 31

Enterics live mostly in_______ but can live almost anywhere.

Back 31

Animal intestines.

Front 32

General characteristics of Enterics (5)

Back 32

G- rods, oxidase -, Facultative anaerobes, ferment glucose, non endospores.

Front 33

Virulence factors outside membrane of enterics (3)

Back 33

Core polysaccharide, o polysaccharide, lipid A (endotoxin)

Front 34

6 Virulence factors of enterics (other than the 3 outside the membrane).

Back 34

Capsule, Fimbrae, exotoxin, Siderophores, Hemolysin, type III secretion system

Front 35

Virulence factor of Enterics that provides protection from Phagocytosis and antibodies.

Back 35

Capsule

Front 36

Virulence factor of Enterics that provides attachment to host cells that is often on plasmid

Back 36

Fimbrae,/adhesins

Front 37

A vireulence ofenterics that are often on plasmids and cause diarrhea

Back 37

Exotoxin

Front 38

Virulence factor of Enterics that binds iron fo bacterial use

Back 38

Siderophores

Front 39

Virulence factor of Enterics that lyse red blood cells to release nutrients

Back 39

Hemolysin

Front 40

A unique virulence factor of Enterics that are proteins thst make hypodermic needle-like structure that allows bacterium to inject toxins into its host

Back 40

Type III secretion system

Front 41

2 selective/differential ways to diagnose an enteric

Back 41

McConkey agar, Eosine-methylene Blue (EMB)

Front 42

Enterics can cause _______ and ________ infections. Some enterics may be ________ flora so preventing opportunistic infections by those is impossible.

Back 42

Intestinal, systemic, resident

Front 43

Three categories of diseases caused by Enterics.

Back 43

Coliforms, Non-coliforms, True pathogens

Front 44

A category of enterics that are normal intestinal residents that ferment lactose and can become opportunistic pathogens all can cause many diseases if they enter the bloodstream.

Back 44

Coliforms

Front 45

A category of enterics that are normal residents that don't ferment lactose and can be opportunistic pathogens.

Back 45

Non-coliforms

Front 46

A category of enterics that are not opportunistic

Back 46

True pathogens

Front 47

Enteric coliforms that cause opportunistic disease (4)

Back 47

Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebisella, Serratia, Enterobacter.

Hint 47

Eske

Front 48

3 Outer structures of E. Coli (some of which are involved in virulence)

Back 48

O, H (flagella) , and K (capsule)

Hint 48

O__K

Front 49

3 diseases caused by Ecoli

Back 49

Gastroenteritis, UTI, hemolytic uremic syndrome (strain O157:H7)

Hint 49

Gi, blood &piss, & 1 more

Front 50

___________ is the most common disease caused by E. Coli. (An eteric). It is cuased by ________ that irritate the intestinal lining

Back 50

Gastroenteritis, exotoxins

Front 51

E.coli can cause UTI if it enters the ________ __________

Back 51

Blood stream

Front 52

Strain ________ of E.coli causes hemolytic uremic syndrome that is caused by the ingestion of undercooked _________ _________.

Back 52

O157:H7, ground beef

Front 53

Coliform Enteric that is non-motile, causes. pneumonia (k. pneumonia) and has a prominent capsule

Back 53

Klebisella

Front 54

A coliform enteric that is the leading cause of nosocomial infections, but otherwise rare and opportunistic.

Back 54

Serratia

Front 55

________, a disease caused by serratia produces _________ (red pigment) at 30 degrees C or lower.

Back 55

S. Marcescens, prodigiosin

Front 56

__________ is an eteric that can cause opportunistic infections and is fairly drug resistant.

Back 56

Enterobacter

Front 57

Enteric non coliforms that cause UTI (4)

Back 57

Proteus, Edwardsiella, Morganella, Providencia

Hint 57

PEMP

Front 58

Non- coliform enteric that forms bull-eye pattern on Agar. Most commonly causes problems for people with longterm catheters. Produces urease that raises the pH of urine causing infection-induced kidney stones.

Back 58

Proteus

Front 59

True pathogens in the Enterics family (3)

Back 59

Salmonella, shigella, Yersinia

Hint 59

SSY

Front 60

True pathogen enteric that is common in birds, reptiles and mammals. Does not ferment lactose but makes H2S. ID50=1 million. Causes diarrhea with nausea, vomitting and fever(salmonellosis). Can pass through intestinal lining and cause becteremia

Back 60

Salmonella

Front 61

Animals salmonella is common in (3)

Back 61

Birds, reptiles, mammals,

Front 62

Salmonella is a non-___________ fermenter.

Back 62

Lactose

Front 63

ID50 of Salmonella

Back 63

1 million

Front 64

Symptoms of samonellosis, a disease caused by Salmonella (4)

Back 64

Non-bloody diarrhea, nausea, vomitting, fever.

Front 65

Salmonella can cause bacteremia by

Back 65

passing the intestinal lining

Front 66

Steps of Salmonella passing intestinal lining (5)

Back 66

1)Attach to ep. cells lining s.i. 2) endocytosis 3) multiply in vesicle 4) kills host cell and causes symptoms. 5) into blood stream.

Front 67

Salmonella typhi causes

Back 67

Typhoid fever

Front 68

Salmonella typhi ID50

Back 68

1,000-10,000

Front 69

How salmonella typhi is spread

Back 69

Fecal contamination of food and water from asymptomatic carriers

Hint 69

Shitpie, sewage, idk

Front 70

Diagnosis of salmonella typhi

Back 70

Identification of bacteria in stool sample

Front 71

Salmonella typhi bacteria cells are _________ in the body but not killed and taken to _____, _______, ______, and ______ _________. They can ______ the intestine and cause __________

Back 71

Phagocytized, liver, spleen, gallbladder, bonemarrow, ulcerate, perotinitis

Hint 71

Tee Pee

Front 72

Non motile true pathogen enteric that produces shiga toxin (enterotoxin) that causes fever cramps, and pus containing bloody diarrhea. ID50=200

Back 72

Shigella

Front 73

Shigella induce __________ by intestinal cells then multiply in __________ and move like listeria via _______ rockets. Usually killed if not in host cell so _________ is rare

Back 73

Endocytosis, cytoplasm, actin, bacteremia

Front 74

Shigellosis is same as how salmonella get into blood stream except (3)

Back 74

Shigella multiplies in cytoplasm, move by actin rockets, and die if they enter the blood stream

Front 75

A true pathogen enteric that has 3 species that all contain plasmids that code for adhesins and proteins that form hypodermic like structures that lets them inject substanves into macrophages and neutrophils that kills them. 2 of the species cause gastronteritis.

Back 75

Yersinia

Front 76

Species of Yersinia that causes plague

Back 76

Y. Pestis

Front 77

Two types of plague

Back 77

Bubonic (affects the lymphnodes) pneumonic (affects the lungs).

Front 78

How plauge gets to humans

Back 78

Fleas on mice

Front 79

All three species of Yersinia have plasmids that code for

Back 79

Adhesins and proteins that form a type III secrection system

Front 80

Family of G- rods that are facultative anaerobes but ox + (unlike enterics). Inclues pasteurella and haemophilus. Mostly commensal but some cause disease. Hard to grow on lab media

Back 80

Pasteurellaceae

Front 81

How Pasteurellaceae is different from Enterics (1)

Back 81

They are oxidase negative.

Front 82

How Pasteurellaceae is similar to the enterics (3)

Back 82

Facultative anaerobes, gram neg, rod shaped

Front 83

Pasteurella (sub Pasteurellaceae) is aquired by (3) and cause (2)

Back 83

Bite, scratches, or aerosols from pet saliva; local swelling, lymph node swelling near infection site.

Front 84

Physical characteristics of Haemophilus (2)

Back 84

Short, Pleomorphic rods

Front 85

Haemophilus need what in media for growth.

Back 85

NAD+ and heme

Front 86

Haemophilus infection that has a capsule that prevents phagocytosis. There are 6 different strains based on capsule (k) anigen. Most infections are caused by B strain. Hib virus works against its B capsule.

Back 86

Haemophilus influenzae

Front 87

The Haemophilus influenzae capsule prevents (1)

Back 87

Phagocystosis

Front 88

There ___ different strains of Haemophilus influenzae

Back 88

6

Front 89

Haemophilus influenzae can sometimes cause _____________ in children 18mo-3 years.

Back 89

Meningitis

Front 90

Treatment for Haemophilus influenzae and what it works against (2)

Back 90

Hib vaccine, b capsule

Front 91

Aerobic gram - rods studied in class (9)

Back 91

Bartonella, brucella, bordetella, burkholderia, pseudomonas, moraxella, fracensiella, legionella, coxiella.

Hint 91

4B's P-MALFC

Front 92

Gram neg anaerobic rod. That causes ear and URT infection (only one in the entire chapter) and where it lives

Back 92

Moraxella, soil

Front 93

A gram negative aerobic rod that can cause opportunistic respiratory, urinary, and CNS m infections (the last of which only occurs in this bacteria throughout the entire chapter) and where it lives.

Back 93

Acinetobacter, soil

Front 94

Gram- aerobic rod that causes rabbit fever aka tularemia most infective bacteria of entire chapter and passed specifically from animal to human through broken skin (ID50=10) or ingestion (ID50=10^8). Mild but inhaled is fatal

Back 94

Francesiella

Front 95

ID50 of ingested tularemia or m rabbit fever.

Back 95

10^8

Front 96

ID50 of Rabbit fever or tularemia when passed through broken skin

Back 96

10

Front 97

If francensiella is inhaled it can be

Back 97

Fatal

Front 98

Tularemia or rabbit fever spreads from ________ to _________

Back 98

Animals, humans

Front 99

Gram- aerobic rod that causes legionnaires disease. Grows on charcoal agar with extra iron and cysteine (amino acid) cause flu-like aymptoms with pneumonia and spreads via warm water

Back 99

Legionella

Front 100

Legionella lives in

Back 100

Amoebas in warm water

Front 101

Legionnaires disease symptoms (2)

Back 101

Flu-like with pneumonia

Front 102

The only intracellular parasite of the whole chapter. Reproduces in m phagolysosome. Can only live in cells but transmittedin infective bodies (endospore-like) via tick bites, inhalatio of dried feces, fluids, or unpasteurized milk. Usually asymptomatic but can cause Q fever.

Back 102

Coxiella

Hint 102

Its a dick

Front 103

Coxiella can cause

Back 103

Q fever

Hint 103

Its a queer that likes dicks

Front 104

An aerobic gram neg rod that infects burns, catheters, and CF patients. Main pathogen is P. aeruginosa. Efflux pums = drug resitiance andhas degradive abilities. Produces green siderophore pigment called pyocyanin. And where it lives.

Back 104

Pseudomonas, soil

Front 105

Three things p. aeruginosa infects

Back 105

Burns, catheters, CF patients

Front 106

Why p. Aeruginosa is drug resistant (2)

Back 106

Efflux pumps and degrative abilities

Front 107

An aerobic gram neg rod that causes whooping caugh. Has adhesins that attach to trachea. Produces toxins that increase mucus, kill leukocytes, cause blood vessel hemorrhage, and inhibit cilia motion. Humans only rervoir , vaccine only lasts 10 years. 27,000 US cases/yr

Back 107

Bordetella pertussis

Front 108

There are ________ cases. Of whooping cough per year in US. Caused by what gram - aerobic rod

Back 108

27,000 bordetella pertussis

Front 109

Bordetella pertussis produces toxins that (4)

Back 109

Increase muscus, kill leukocytes, cause blood vessel hemorrhage, and inhibit cilia

Front 110

Adhesins od Bordetella pertussis attach to epithelial cells of the

Back 110

Trachea

Front 111

Gram neg aerobicrod that cause trench fever, catscratch fever, and baronellosis

Back 111

Bartonella

Front 112

Bartonella causes (3)

Back 112

Cat scratch fever, bartonellosis, trench fever

Hint 112

War, kittens, and simpsons

Front 113

Bartonellosis spread by ______ ______ (south america) and ca be fatal due to ______

Back 113

Sand flies, anemia

Front 114

Trench fever is spread between ______ by _____

Back 114

People, lice

Front 115

Cat scratches, bites or fleas can spread mwhich gram neg aerobic rod

Back 115

Bartonella

Front 116

Gram neg aerobic rod with no capsule but survives by preventing ________-_______ fusion. Usually cause mild disease or _______. Humans m are infected through ________ or contact with animal fluids. Causes flu-like symptoms with fever that _________. Called ____ fever at times.

Back 116

Brucella, Phagosome- lysosome, asymptomatic, milk, flucuates, Malta

Front 117

A gram neg aerobic rod that has 2 species 1 infects the lungs m of CF patients. The second causes Melioidosis.

Back 117

Burkholderia

Front 118

Anaerobic gram neg rods (2)

Back 118

Bacteriodes, prevotella

Front 119

The Anerobes Bacteroides and Prevotella live in the intestines as _________ but can be opportunistic infections if they escape. Only a problem when they are introduced into other regions of body where there are other bacteria that are growing to produce __________

Back 119

Commensals, anaerobiasis.