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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who is most at risk from heat related illness? |
Very old, young. People with heart problems, high blood pressure, No air conditioning People not acclimated Alcohol/Caffeine drinkers Overweight. Prolonged exposure to heat, outdoor exertion. |
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What two variables are used to create the heat index? |
Relative Humidity
and Temperatures |
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What can the "pinch test" tell you about dehydration? |
The pinch test can show if you are dehydrated when the skin remains elevated after being pinched.
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What are the four North American deserts? |
- Great Basin
- Mojave - Chichuahuan - Sonoran (hottest) |
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What's the difference between barchan and parabolic dunes? |
Barchan dune: crescent shaped toward downwind
Parabola: crescent shaped toward direction of wind. |
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In the basin and range, what are horsts and grabens? |
Horst: upward faulted block
Graben: downward faulted block |
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What are the four main controls that contribute to desert formation? |
-Rainshadow |
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What is an example of a cold desert? |
Antarctica
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What's the difference between a perennial stream and an ephemeral stream? |
Ephemeral streams have no continuous flow.
Perennial streams have continuous flow |
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Know how to calculate river discharge |
velocity * area |
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how to calculate the stability of a channel |
Tractive Force: Amount of energy in stream channel. Critical Tractive Force: Amount of energy required to move sediment in the stream. TF > CTF: Unstable TF < CTF: Stable |
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What's the difference between a braided and a meandering stream, and which one is more susceptible to flooding? |
Braided streams are interconnected shallow channels with low stream flow. Meandering streams have a single channel with a higher flow. Braided streams tend to flood because of a lower stream flow and a tendency to aggradate sediment. |
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What are some landforms that can form from a meandering stream? |
Undercut Bank Point Bar Oxbow Lakes Meander Scars |
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Be able to find the cut bank, point bar, oxbow lake, meander scar, thalweg. |
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Where is the floodplain found? Is ASU in a floodplain? |
Floodplain is a broad,flat area next to a river channel. Yes, ASU is in a floodplain. |
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How is a flood defined? |
Period of very high discharge. |
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What is a return interval? |
Probability of discharge in a river channel. |
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Know what a drainage basin/watershed is. |
Spatial area defined by a river system. |
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How is a hydrograph used? |
To measure discharge, rain and time. |
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Do levees ever fail as flood control structures? |
Yes. |
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Can you determine stream orders on a diagram? |
Find 1st orders first. If 2 streams of same order merge, go to next order. |
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What are the different parts of the littoral zone? |
- Offshore - Inshore - Foreshore |
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How are tides created? |
Tides are created when water is pulled by the gravity of the Moon and the Sun.
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What are the 3 different tidal patterns? |
- Mixed -Diurnal -Semidiurnal |
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What's the difference between a spring tide and a neap tide? |
Spring Tide: When the moon and sun are aligned |
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What is swash and backwash, and how do those create the longshore current? |
Swash: Wave enter at oblique angle
Backwash: Waves refract back out Longshore current moves in direction of wind. |
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Can you identify the parts to a wave? |
Crest, Trough, Wavelength, Wave Height
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How is the wavebase calculated? |
1/2 of Wavelength |
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Can you list some erosional and depositional coastal landforms? |
Erosional: Arch, Stack, Terrace, Cave
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Define weathering. |
A weakening or breakdown of materials |
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What's the difference between physical weathering and chemical weathering? |
Physical weathering causes no chemical changes. Chemical weathering causes chemical changes. |
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What is an example of a speleothem? |
Stalagtites
Stalagmites |
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Driving vs. resisting forces - how do these affect slope stability |
Driving Force: Gravity of force determined by weight and slope.
Resisting Force: Slope materials and vegetation. |
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What is the angle of repose, and why is it important? |
It is the steepest slope possible given the materials. |
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Name two triggers to downslope movement. |
Water
Earthquakes Storms Volcanoes |
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Name one slope failure. |
Slump
Slide Fall |
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What is talus? |
A collection of fallen material at the base of the slope. |
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What is the glacial mass balance? |
The balance between accumulation and ablation. |
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What happens when the glacial mass balance is positive or negative? |
Positive: accumulation > ablation. Advances inches to ft a day. |
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Know the difference between accumulation and ablation. |
Accumulation: The supply of the glacier. |
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Know landforms by their descriptions. |
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What is a fjord and u-shaped valley? |
Fjord: U-Shaped valley below sea level, connects to ocean. U-Shaped Valley: Glacial trough. |
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What's the difference between sorted and unsorted materials? |
Sorted Materials: Are stratified into layers. |
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Define what a glacier is |
Large mass of moving ice. |
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Know the parts/zones to an alpine glacier. |
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Antarctica and Greenland are____glaciers |
Continental Glaciers |
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Global Warming |
An increase in global temperature. |
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Greenhouse Effect |
The natural process where greenhouse gasses retain heat in the atmosphere. |
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What does "climate change" refer to? |
Any natural and/or human-related change to the climate. |
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Are we currently in an ice age? |
Yes? |
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What is an inter-glacial? |
Period of time between glaciations. |
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What are Milankovitch cycles?
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Changes to earth's orbit and tilt that affect the amount of solar radiation earth receives. |
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Describe the geologic temperature pattern. (Has it been warmer or colder?) |
Colder, then warmer due to human causes. |
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What is paleoclimatology, what does it tell us? |
Paleoclimatology can approximate temperature and precipitation. |
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What is the current status of global warming? |
There has been a large temperature increase in the last 150yrs |
