Gph Test 2

Front 1

Cycle of Erosion

Back 1

W. M. Davis, youthful landscapes, peneplain, mature stage, downwearing

Front 2

Backwearing

Back 2

Walter Penck, pediment, inselberg, haldenhang

Front 3

Dynamic Equilibrium

Back 3

G. K. Gilbert, resistance, shear stress, equilibrium

Front 4

The waves beneath your cliff-side mansion have eroded the bottom of the cliff, increasing the slope angle.Which model of landscape evolution was developed to understand how to analyze such circumstances?

Back 4

Dynamic Equilibrium

Front 5

You go golfing. After a very bad round, you look across the flat plain made up of the hard rock type, granite. Behind the flat plain is a very steep isolated mountain, and there is a sharp slope angle at the mountain/plain junction. Which model of landscape evolution was developed to explain this pediment-inselberg landscape?

Back 5

Backwearing

Front 6

Falls, topples, and slides are examples of what?

Back 6

Mass wasting

Front 7

The key factor in all mass wasting events is ___________.

Back 7

Gravity

Front 8

Before a rock on a cliff can fall, what must happen first?

Back 8

Detachment from a steep slope or undercutting

Front 9

The pile of boulder rock falls that pile up at thebase of a cliff is called? When the rocks are smaller (cobbles), the pile is called? When the pile has a conical shape, it is called?

Back 9

Talus

Scree

Talus Cone

Front 10

When the rock fall is a rotating slab, it is called a _________.

Back 10

Topple

Front 11

Slides are ___________ when the failure occurs on a plat plane and ___________ when the failure occurs curved surface

Back 11

Translational

Rotational Slump

Front 12

Your family won the lottery and is thinking of buying a condo at a ski resort. Like most ski resorts, avalanches are a concern. The real estate agent assures you that there's no danger. You look up at the mountain side and notice that the condo is underneath a gully with no trees. You tell the real estate agent that you won't buy here. What made you decide to avoid this spot?

Back 12

Your family won the lottery and is thinking of buying a condo at a ski resort. Like most ski resorts, avalanches are a concern. The real estate agent assures you that there's no danger. You look up at the mountain side and notice that the condo is underneath a gully with no trees. You tell the real estate agent that you won't buy here. What made you decide to avoid this spot?


A lack of trees indicates that the path is an avalanche chute, and avalanches thus frequently occur in this area.

Front 13

What process turns solid material into a "plastic" that would flow downhill?

Back 13

Liquifaction


Thixotropic?

Front 14

What is the difference between an earthflow, debris flow and mudflow?

Back 14

Earthflow: slow, deep, travel a few meters a day
Mudflow: fast, lots of mud, little rock content
Debris flow: fast, lots of mud, lots of rock debris

Front 15

Why do fires often lead to debris flows?

Back 15

Fires destroy the top layer of soil, resulting a lower root resistance to precipitation that then causes debris flow.

Front 16

A debris flow leaves ______, ridges along the side, as it flows.

Back 16

Levees

Front 17

What is sorting? How can sorting be used to distinguish a debris-flow deposit from a stream flood?

Back 17

Water or some other medium distributes sediment grain sizes, from small pieces to big pieces, in layers.

Water is good at sorting particles, and the layers are made of fairly similar sediment sizes. Debris-flow deposits
carry an unsorted mixture of highly varied sediment sizes in which bigger pieces can "float" on top of smaller pieces.

Front 18

What factors contribute to a mass wasting event? Could you pick out the wrong answer from a list of right answers? (odd-man out multiple choice question)

Back 18

Weak make-up of slopes (weathered rock, lots of clay)
Rock structure
Steep slopes
Pore pressure (rain raises the water table)
Vegetation loss
Removal of lateral support (undercutting from waves, streams, etc.)
Added mass on slopes
Transitory earth stresses (earthquakes, volcanoes, etc.)

Front 19

Large landslides like Vaiont, Gros Ventre, and Madison River slides often have failure surfaces that have a layer of rock material (that slides) on top of a ________ tilted layer of ________.

Back 19

Downslope

Sediment

Front 20

Permeable slopes

Back 20

transport-limited landscapes, vegetation covered, soil covered, creep is common,
convex slopes, tree-trow and other biogenic transport, stream channels uncommon

Front 21

Impermeable slopes

Back 21

weathering-limited landscapes, desert/little vegetation, bare rocks common, overland flow of water, rills and gullies and stream channels are common, concave upward slopes

Front 22

What forces push a creeping soil particle away from the slope?

What force moves the particle down?

Back 22

Expansion from wetting or freezing

Gravity from drying or melting

Front 23

Slope angle and lengths remain uniform as the slope retreats parallel to itself. Hillslopes are essentially free of sediment. ______ retreat occurs where underlying strata are protected by a resistant cap rock, such as a layer of sandstone, limestone, or lava. Failure of the caprock occurs only when erosion has removed the weaker rock supporting it.

-Penck's idea

Back 23

Parallel

Front 24

Upper slope weathers and erodes at at faster rate so there is progressive decline of slope angle occurs. Hillslopes have a thick mantle of regolith.

-W.M. Davis idea

Back 24

Slope decline

Front 25

Fences and old tomstones twisted and tilting downhill give you visual clues that what process is operating?

Back 25

Creep

Front 26

Why is the infiltration capacity of the slope so important?

Back 26

Infiltration capacity is the maximum amount of water that can enter the soil over a given time period.
It distinguishes permeable slopes from impermeable ones. Overland flow, and consequently the formation of rills
and gullies, is based on infiltration capacity.

Front 27

For overland flow to occur, what has to be greater: precipitation or infiltration rate? Why?

Back 27

The greater the precipitation, the greater the chance that the amount of water will exceed the infiltration rate and
cause overland flow.

Front 28

Overland flow concentrates into ________.

Back 28

Rills

Front 29

What factors can turn rills into deep gullies?

Back 29

Slope too flat to concentrate flow
Rill erosion
Gully erosion

Front 30

This image is an example of a _____ limited landscape.

Back 30

Either weathering-limited (a desert) or transport-limited (a grassy field)

Front 31

The ____ of ____ is the stable ____ of earth material. If this is exceeded than downslope movement can occur.

Back 31

Angle of repose

Slope

Front 32

A magnitude 7.0 earthquake

is ____ times larger than a magnitude 6.0

earthquake.

Back 32

Ten

Front 33

A _______ earthquake can generate _____ by displacing water over head.

Back 33

Submarine/underwater

Tsunamis

Front 34

A magnitude ___ earthquake was the largest earthquake ever recorded. It took place in _____.

Back 34

9.5

Chile

Front 35

The coasts of Japan, Chile, and the Pacific Northwest-USA, all have to worry about the potential of ______.

This is because each of these areas is located in close proximity to a _____ _____, which can lead to megathrust

earthquakes.

Back 35

Tsunamis

Subduction zone

Front 36

the oceans hold the most water. What are the next four biggest "reservoirs" of Earth's water, in order from most to least.

Back 36

Atmosphere
Glaciers
Surface lakes/streams
Groundwater

Front 37

What type of water rises up against gravity? How can this cause salinization of soils?

Back 37

Capillary water

If plants extract capillary water from a salty water table, then salt can be transported to the soil surface and evaporate, thereby accumulating and causing salinization

Front 38

How does water get into the ground?

Back 38

Gravity pulls water down through the soil

Front 39

What keeps water from getting into the ground?

Back 39

Soil texture, especially coarse-grained soils

Front 40

What would be a good example of an impermeable layer of rock?

Back 40

Bedrock

Aquiclude - shale compressed mud

Front 41

What would be a good example of a layer of rock that is both permeable and porous?

Back 41

Shale

Front 42

Water moving downward towards the water table passes through what?

Back 42

Zone of Aeration/Vadose Zone

Front 43

The level of water in a well is the level of the?

Back 43

Water table

Front 44

Pumping water from an aquifer causes what to occur?

Back 44

The flow of groundwater

Front 45

When infiltrating water recharges ground water, what happens to the water table?

Back 45

Rises

Front 46

What is so special about an artesian well or spring?

Back 46

Artesian aquifers are confined by aquicludes, so the groundwater flows upward through the artesian well without having to be manually pumped

Front 47

Why does the removal of groundwater from an aquifer of unconsolidated sediment cause subsidence? What process happens?

Back 47

Drawdown causes the compaction of sediments because they are no longer supported

Front 48

What are different ways that groundwater can return to the surface?

Back 48

Baseflow to streams
Baseflow to marshes and lakes
In springs

Front 49

Explain the steps involved in how the oil or pesticide or some other contaminant dumped in the desert away from the city gets into your drinking water.

Back 49

Everything dumped in water gets mixed in the watershed, which can contaminate groundwater and therefore contaminate drinking water to

Front 50

How can groundwater supply water to a stream?

Back 50

Effluent streams are below the water table and are thus fed by groundwater/baseflow

Front 51

Under what circumstances does a stream supply water to groundwater?

Back 51

Influent streams are above the water table and thus supply the groundwater

Front 52

Influent streams:

Back 52

high drainage density, ephemeral stream flow, desert climates, little vegetation, less permeable slopes, more overland flow, weathering-limited landscapes, little soil cover

Front 53

Effluent streams:

Back 53

low drainage density, perennial stream flow, wet climates, abundant vegetation, permeable slopes, more infiltration, transport-limited landscapes, abundant soil cover

Front 54

What is plotted in a hydrograph?

Back 54

Discharge/Stage vs. Time

Front 55

How does a hydrograph of a desert stream differ from a hydrograph of a stream in a forest?

Back 55

For the same period of time, the discharge of a desert stream will be less than the discharge of a forest stream

Front 56

Tributary streams come together a funnel water through a single location in what geographic entity?

Back 56

Drainage basin

Front 57

What is a drainage divide? What is the continental divide?

Back 57

Line separating neighboring drainage basins

Line separating waters that flow to different oceans

Front 58

Where would you expect to find the most erosion within a drainage basin? Where would you expect to find the most deposition within a drainage basin?

Back 58

Most erosion at the headwaters

Most deposition at the delta

Front 59

What influences the pattern of a drainage basin? Why do you get a dendritic pattern versus a radial or rectangular pattern?

Back 59

Basin geology (structure, lithology, overburden), Climate, Developmental history, Slope

Dendritic - river channel follows slope of terrain, especially in valleys
Radial - channel radiates outward from a high point, like a volcano
Rectangular - channel follows rock joints that are at right angles

Front 60

What is the difference betwteen tributary and distributary patterns? What two major landforms would you expect to see when water flows in a distributary pattern?

Back 60

Tributary streams flow together, and distributary streams split apart

Deltas, alluvial fans

Front 61

Why do higher drainage densities occur in easily eroded rock? Why in deserts?

Back 61

Eroded rocks: greater surface area = higher drainage area = higher drainage densities
Since deserts have impermeable material that doesn't absorb much water, more water is drained because less infiltrates into the ground

Front 62

Why do lower drainage densities occur in rocks that are harder to erode? Why in forests?

Back 62

Less eroded rocks: less surface area = lower drainage area = lower drainage densities
Since forests have permeable soil to absorb water, less water is drained because more infiltrates into the ground

Front 63

What factors contribute to flash flooding?

Back 63

Intense rain
High drainage density + low permeability = rapid runoff
Drainage basins with tributary patterns
Narrow canyons where water can rapidly rise

Front 64

You see a muddy stream, grab a water bottle and collect a sample. You pour it out in an open container. It takes awhile for the water to clear. Why?

Back 64

Muddy water has a lot of suspended sediment that only needs a low velocity to stay suspended, so it takes awhile for the velocity to decrease to the point where sediment begins to settle

Front 65

Braided:

Back 65

lots of cobbles and gravel, islands in the channel, common in deserts and in front of melting glaciers, shallow depth and wide width = high width:depth ratio

Front 66

Meandering:

Back 66

lots of silt and clay on banks, island rare, common in humid areas, deep depth and narrow width = low width:depth ratio

Front 67

How are goosenecks made?

Back 67

The amplitude/wiggling of the meander increases, deposition at point bars occurs, erosion at cut banks occurs, and a high velocity zone of water swings from cutbank to cutbank, thereby creating a gooseneck shape

Front 68

How are natural levees made along meadering streams?

Back 68

They build up after every flood from the heaviest sediments that have dropped closest to the channel

Front 69

What is the connection between bankfull discharge and avulsions?

Back 69

In a single channel stream, bankfull is the discharge that just fills the channel without flowing onto the floodplain. If bankfull discharge is exceeded, it causes avulsion, which is the process by which a river's flow permanently changes from its usual path to new path on the adjacent floodplain.

Front 70

Oxbow lakes tell you something about the history of a stream. What?

Back 70

Oxbow lakes, which form when an abandoned part of stream channel fills with stagnant water and is permanently cut off from the channel, reveal that the stream at one time followed a different path.

Front 71

Perennial:

Back 71

flows year round, discharge supplied in part by baseflow, found in humid regions

Front 72

Intermittent

Back 72

flows during wet seasons, flows when the water table is high, found in semi-arid areas

Front 73

Ephemeral:

Back 73

flows when it rains hard, water table always below the channel, found in deserts

Front 74

Where would go to find streams with high competence?

Where would go to find streams with high capacity?

Back 74

Competence is the maximum size particle that the stream can transport.

Aptos Creek has high competence.

Capacity is the maximum amount of material that the stream can transport.

The Mississippi River has high capacity.

Front 75

What does it mean by saying that the magnitude of a flood is inversely related to the frequency of a flood?

Back 75

Smaller floods happen more frequently and bigger floods happen less frequently.

Front 76

What is Q? How is it measured? If you are given a stream's width, depth and velocity, can you calculate the stream's discharge?

Back 76

Q is discharge, which is measured by multiplying width x depth x velocity

Front 77

How would you change (increase or decrease) these variables to slow the velocity of a stream?

R, hydraulic radius 
S, Slope 
n, roughness 


Back 77

V = (R x S)/n

Decreasing the velocity of a stream would be accomplished by decreasing hydraulic radius, decreasing slope, or increasing roughness

Front 78

What happens to a stream's type of flow (e.g. laminar, turbulence) as velocity increases?

Back 78

As velocity increases, so does the Reynold's Number. When the Reynold's Number is around 500, the flow is laminar. When the Reynold's Number is 2,000 or bigger, the flow is turbulent.

Front 79

A waterfall is an example of a _____.

Back 79

Knickpoint

Front 80

A _____ valley is formed by fluvial erosion.

Back 80

V-shaped

Front 81

A ____ ____ is a stream in balance. This means all the _____ input into the fluvial system can be transported ____ of the system.

Back 81

Graded stream

Energy

Out

Front 82

A concave upward longitudinal profile is indicative of a ____ stream.

Back 82

Graded

Front 83

Which of the following best describes Base Level:

Back 83

The subterranean elevation below which a stream cannot vertically erode sediment. This hypothetical elevation is usually sea level.

Front 84

Which of the following is NOT a way a stream changes downstream?

Back 84

Stream changes downstream when:
Discharge increases
Slope decreases
Roughness decreases
Net forward velocity increases
Drainage area increases
Load increases
Particle size decreases

Front 85

Would you rather dive into a stream's riffle or pool? Would you rather dive into a stream next to the point bar or next to the cut bank?

Back 85

Pool because it's deeper than a riffle

Cut bank because the velocity of the water has carved it deeper
(The point bar is collecting sediment)

Front 86

If a stream is grade, would you expect to see waterfalls and other types of knickpoints?

Back 86

equilibrium. Waterfalls and other knickpoints occurs in streams that are trying to reach equilibrium but not at it.

Front 87

How does a stream remove a knickpoint, and attempt to reach a graded condition?

Back 87

Through undercutting, falls and basins, and an eroding bed

Front 88

What is base level?

Back 88

The subterranean elevation below which a stream cannot vertically erode sediment. This hypothetical elevation is usually sea level.

Front 89

Why do deltas form at base level?

Back 89

Deltas occur where rivers meet oceans, which are located at sea level, the typical elevation for the base level.

Front 90

Can a dam create a new base level for a stream?

Back 90

Yes because they deposit the delta above the dam and erode below the dam, thereby reversing the base level in that particular area.

Front 91

What happens to the river upstream of a dam?

Back 91

Upstream, the base level rises and the valley fills in (aggradation).

Front 92

What happens to a river downstream of a dam?

Back 92

Downstream, the base level falls and the valley erodes deeply (incision).

Front 93

How would a rising base level influence deposition in a stream?

Back 93

Rising base level causes aggradation, which is an increase in the deposition of bedload.

Front 94

Stream terraces are former __________ of a river

Back 94

Floodplains

Front 95

The city of Mesa sits on a ____ ____.

Back 95

Stream terrace

Front 96

Which of the following is NOT a way to increase total energy into a fluvial system:

Back 96

Total energy increased by:
Increase in gradient (aggradation);
decrease in base level (drop in sea level, degradation of higher order stream); uplift of mountains; overflow of lakes; increase in low sediment discharge from tributaries (from climate changes or extreme storms)

Front 97

What is the difference between a strath and a fill terrace?

Back 97

Strath terrace is erosional (safe)

Fill terrace is depositional (unsafe)

Front 98

ENSO is an acronym for ______

and this impacts Arizona in the ____

Back 98

El Nino Southern Oscillation

Winter

Front 99

Major floods along the Salt River occur during (winter or summer?) and are often associated with what atmospheric condition?

Back 99

Winter

El Nino Southern Oscillation

Front 100

The last ice age started about ______________ years ago, sending Earth into a series of _________ year-long cycles between glacial and interglacial fluctuations.

Back 100

2.5 million

100,000

Front 101

The most popular explanation for these glacial-interglacial cycles involves changes in what aspects of Earth's orbit?

Back 101

Shape of orbit (eccentricity)
Tilt of axis (obliquity)
Direction of axis (precession)

Front 102

Why would changes in Earth's orbit cause fluctuations between glacial and interglacial fluctuations?

Back 102

All three elements of orbit change over time and create long-term fluctuations in the amount of solar radiation that reaches the earth (insolation).

The larger the eccentricity, the greater the difference in insolation.

If there was no obliquity, there would be no seasonal change in insolation. The larger the obliquity, the greater the difference in seasonal temperatures.

Changes in precession affect the accumulation of ice and snow at the poles.

Front 103

What is the most important cause of the Little Ice Age?

Back 103

Solar radiation decreased

Front 104

Loess is?

Back 104

Deposits of silt laid down by wind during glacial and postglacial times

Front 105

Why would loess occur on the margins of ancient ice caps?

Back 105

Drainage winds moved outward from the ice sheets and deposited silt around the margins

Front 106

The largest area of loess deposition in the United States can be found _________.

Back 106

Midwest/Great Plains

Front 107

Stone rings, pingoes, and rock glaciers and other ___________ activity became more common during ice ages.

Back 107

Enhanced periglacial

Front 108

Sea level ________ about 130 meters in the last glacial maximum. Why?

Back 108

Decreased

Glacial/interglacial fluctuations moved water from the oceans to the ice.

(Today, if glaciers melted, the sea levels would rise - so the opposite happened during ice ages. Glaciers increased, so sea levels fell.)

Front 109

____ _____ refers to the response of the crust to loading and unloading of continental ice sheets.

Back 109

Glacioisostatic response

Front 110

Did plants change in response to the change from glacial to interglacial conditions?

Back 110

Yes

Front 111

When you see a playa like the Bonneville salt flats, this means that....

Back 111

There was a lake located there in glacial times

Front 112

Today, you can drive from Salt Lake City, Utah, to Reno, Nevada straight across falt desert grabens. How was this different in the last ice age?

Back 112

It used to be a large ancient lake (paleolake)

Front 113

Why is land rising in Scandinavia, the Northeastern United States and Canada?

Back 113

Continental ice sheets are unloading, so the crust is rebounding upwards in response to the weight being removed

Front 114

Geologists from the 1930s through the 1970s refused to believe J. Harlen Bretz, that giant floods of biblical proportion flowed across what is now the _______________ (two words).

Back 114

Pacific Northwest

Front 115

Why did they refuse to believe Bretz? HINT: Paradigm

Back 115

Uniformitarianism

Front 116

What changes as snow undergoes a metamorphosis to glacial ice?

Back 116

Density

Front 117

The intermediate stage between Snow and Glacial Ice is called _____.

Back 117

Firn

Front 118

Why is a bergshrund important to geomorphologists?

Back 118

They can see how glacial ice is lost (ablation)

Front 119

Glaciers ablate by ______, _______, and _____________.

Back 119

Calving
Melting
Sublimation

Front 120

Louis Agassiz fought the general perception of the Church that giant boulders in the Alps were caused by ___________ (two words), instead of glaciers.

Back 120

Noah's Flood

Front 121

You hike up into the highest peaks of the Sierra Nevada and notice tiny

glaciers on the shaded northeastern sides. You remember that these glaciers are above the ____ snowline, but still at a lower elevation than the ____ snowline, where sun would normally melt them.

Back 121

Orographic

Climatic

Front 122

The ____________ separates the accumulation zone and the __________ (two words) of a glacier.

Back 122

Equilibrium line

Ablation zone

Front 123

When accumulation > ablation, the glacier front __________.

When accumulation is < ablation, the glacier front _________.

When accumulation = ablation, the glacier front _______________.

Back 123

Advances

Retreats

Is Stable

Front 124

Rank processes of glacial movement from slowest to fastest.

Back 124

Internal Deformation

Basal Regelation Slip

Bed Deformation

Front 125

What is at the bottom of an alpine glacier that would allow it to move fast?

Back 125

Meltwater

Front 126

Glacial crevasses are __________ in a glacier. They can form by ___________ or _____________.

Back 126

Cracks

Extension
Compression

Front 127

If you wanted to hold a concert in a mountain setting, the perfect glacial landform would be a _________, because it naturally has amphitheater shape.

Back 127

Cirque

Front 128

You are camping next to a rock bound lake in the mountains called a ________.

Back 128

Tarn

Front 129

A pyramid-shaped mountain surrounded by glacial cirques is called a _________

Back 129

Horn

Front 130

To hike between two glacial valleys, you would either have to go over a very sharp knife-like ridge called a ___________ or a gentle pass called a ___________.

Back 130

Arete

Col

Front 131

The Matterhorn, in the Swiss Alps, is an example of a ____. (See image)

Back 131

Horn

Front 132

Yosemite Valley has many tribuatry valleys that are called ____ ____. (See image)This image shows what type of landform: (See image)

Back 132

U-shaped valleys

Front 133

Hanging valleys, fjords, paternoster lakes, glacial staircases are all associated with what basic glacial landform?

Back 133

Glacial trough

Front 134

What changed between today's fjord landform and when they were made by glaciers?

Back 134

Used to be only fresh water; now filled with a mixture of fresh water and sea water

Front 135

What is a major difference between how a glacial tributary meets the main glacier and how a stream tributary meets the main stream?

Back 135

Difference in elevation causes hanging valleys.

Tributary streams enter the main stream at the elevation of the main channel. But during glaciation, tributary glaciers feeding into the main valley are smaller and do not erode their valleys as deep as the glacier that occupies the main valley. Tributary valleys are left hanging at a higher elevation above the main valley floor as a result of more intensive downward cutting by the main valley glacier.

Front 136

A deposit of boulders, cobbles, sand and clay -- a mixture of particle sizes (unsorted) -- characterizes lahaars, debris flows and _______.

Back 136

Till

Front 137

Moraines are _____.

Back 137

Ridges of tills

Front 138

Medial Moraine:

Back 138

middle ridge made by a combination of lateral moraines

Front 139

Terminal Moraine

Back 139

ridge representing the maximum extent of the glacier

Front 140

Recessional Moraine

Back 140

like a terminal moraine, but deposited where the glacier stops for a bit as it retreats

Front 141

Lateral Moraine

Back 141

ridge of till deposited on the side of the glacier

Front 142

Ground Moraine

Back 142

left behind as glacier retreats

Front 143

What is the difference between a medial moraine, lateral moraine and terminal moraine?

Back 143

Medial: middle ridge

Lateral: side ridge

Terminal: end ridge

Front 144

Why do you think the deposit in front of a glacier is called outwash? Is it deposited by glaciers or another process?

Back 144

Drift causes till to wash out in front of a glacier

Deposited by meltwater streams at the edge of a glacier

Front 145

You see a beautiful blue turqouise color in a stream. You know that the cause of the color is due to the presence of ____________.

Back 145

Glacial flour (suspended sediment composed of ground-up rock)

Front 146

You are standing on a small mountain called a(n) _____________ surrounded by an ice cap.

Back 146

Nunatak

Front 147

Why do areas that once accumulated a continental glacier (like Ireland, Canada, Sweden) have so many lakes?

Back 147

Glacial ice scours out a place for lakes
Fills up lakes
Glacial ice retreats
Isostatic rebound

Front 148

Long (several football fields), narrow cigar-shaped hills called ___________ can indicate the direction of a(n) ________ glacier.

Back 148

Drumlin

Continental

Front 149

Long Island, Cape Cod, and hills in eastern Washington all tell you what?

Back 149

They are terminal moraines

Front 150

A large area of ice separates from the moving section of a continental glacier. It stagnates and melts in place. What landforms would you expect to see?

Back 150

Kames

Kettle lakes

Esker

Recessional moraines

Front 151

What landform would you expect to see right in front of the end moraine of a continental glacier?

Back 151

Outwash plain

Front 152

There are two theories to explain Drumlin formation. Which of the following are the two theories?

Back 152

Deformational Theory

Fluvial Theory