Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Bureaucracy
|
A set of complex hierarchical departments, agencies, commissions, and their staffs that exist to help a chief executive officer carry out their duties
|
|
|
Key Characteristics of bureaucracy:
|
hierarchical chain of command, clear lines of authority, division of labor and specialization, impersonal rules and merit based decision making (Max Weber)
|
|
|
Federal Bureaucracy is often referred to as the:
|
the fourth branch of government
|
|
|
Federal bureaucracy:
|
the executive branch is made up of various departments and agencies
-responsible for enforcing or implementing laws passed by congress |
|
|
Why the Federal Bureaucracy has grown:
|
Growth in area, population, subjects of national legislation, complexity of regulation (govt. grows most in times of crisis and war)
|
|
|
The only departments washington had:
|
State
War Treasury |
|
|
What permanently changed the nature of the federal bureaucracy
|
Civil War and Reconstruction
|
|
|
Major changes in the late 19th century:
|
-Industrial Revolution
-Urbanization -Immigration |
|
|
Spoils System:
|
The firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party and their replacement with loyalists of the newly elected party
|
|
|
Patronage:
|
jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support
|
|
|
Civil Service Reform Act of 1883:
|
- the Pendleton Act
- Created the Civil Service Commission - merit based - 10% at first now up to 90% |
|
|
Federal Reserve System:
|
- a huge innovation
- 1913 - created by Woodrow Wilson |
|
|
What caused the gov't to grow even more and created more departments?
|
WWII ---> the New Deal--> FDR
|
|
|
What went on in the 60's?
|
- Civil Rights Movement
- Johnson's Great Society - Welfare expansion - EPA |
|
|
The Modern Bureaucracy:
|
- is not a business
- Gov't leaders are driven by reelection - Gov't exist from the public good not for profit |
|
|
The BIG 5 Cabinet members:
|
State: Clinton
Treasury: Geithner Defense: Gates Homeland Sec: Napolitano Attorney General: Holder |
|
|
Independent Executive Agencies:
|
- Have narrower mandates- headed by a director
-Perform a service function, not a regulatory one -Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) - National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) - Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
|
|
Independent Regulatory Commissions:
|
-IRC: exists to regulate a specific economic activity or interests
- National Labor Relations Board -Securities and Exchange Commission - Federal Communications Commission - Federal Reserve Board - These commissions are independent of congress- once seated, members can't be removed w/o cause - no party gets to appoint all members (staggered terms) |
|
|
Government Corporations:
|
- businesses created by congress to perform functions that could be performed by private business but aren't usually because they are not profitable
--USPS --FDIC --Amtrak --TVA |
|
|
Policy Making:
|
- when congress passes a law that creates a federal agency, dep't or commission, it delegates some part of its law-making powers
-congress sets parameters, guidelines, then the agency works out details |
|
|
Administrative Discretion:
|
the ability of bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional intentions
|
|
|
Regulations:
|
tules promulgated by the executive branch that govern the operation of a particular govt. program that have the force of law
|
|
|
Administrative Adjudication:
|
-Administrative law judges (ALJs)
- a quasi judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties in a manner similar to the way courts resolve disputes |
|
|
Hatch Act:
|
law made in 1939 to prohibit civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns
|
|
|
Federal Employees Political Activities Act:
|
-1993 liberalization of the Hatch Act
-Fed. Employees can run for office in nonpartisan elections and contribute money to campaigns in partisan election |
