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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The constitution sets up a _____________ form of government.
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Unitary
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The primary principal states...
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What is learned first is learned best
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Governemnt money awarded for broad, general purposes is called a __________ grant.
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Block
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Politics requires
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Some unity among people, some conflict among people and a ruling authority
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Decisions with the Supreme Court with regard to the powers of national government typically...
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Tend to support expansion of national authority, but recently have been placing limits on that authority
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The Second Face of power is being exercised when...
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X is able to control the agenda or determine the choices
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The Constitution established this but the Articles of Confederation did not
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The authority to regulate interstate commerce
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According to a study of public opinion Americans are...
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Less informed than those in most other comparable countries
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Definition of Politics
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The process that determines the authorative allocation of values
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Normative or Descriptive?
49% of eligible US voters voted in 1996 |
Descriptive
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Normative or Descriptive?
Because most people have little information about the American Political System, major policy decisions shouldbe left to elected officals |
Normative
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Normative or Descriptive?
It should be the responsibility of the US government to ensure that all Americans have access to health insurance |
Normative
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Normative or Descriptive?
One-Third of Americans cannot name the Vice President |
Descriptive
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Two agents of political socialization important in early life
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School and Parent
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Two agents of political socialization important in later life
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Peers and Co-workers
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Two important clauses of the Constitution that have been important in the development of federalism
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Commerce and Supremacy
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Seperation of Powers is defined as
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Each branch of government judicial, executive and legislative is seperate from the other
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Madison worried about the dangers of ______________ in Federalist Paper No. 10.
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Majority Factions
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The majoritarian model of government says
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The majority rules
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The elite model of government says
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The elect rules
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Authority is different from power in that power is that ability to rule but authority is
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The right to rule
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One argument for the Constitution made by the Federalists
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System of checks and balances
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Federalism is defined as
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Sharing of power among multiple governments
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________________ federalism is when the federal government makes money the basis of its relationship between state and local governments.
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Fiscal
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Mass Media
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Method by which large groups of people are communicated with
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Types of Mass Media
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Broadcast (TV, radio) and Print (Newspaper, Magazines)
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Yellow Journalism
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Sensational Journalism
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Muckracking
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Digging up dirt, investigative reporting
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Liberal biases come from...
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Reporters (Democratic/Liberals), Editors and Owners(Republicans/Conservatives)
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Content analysis is typically...
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More negative than positive in comments, more critial of front runners than underdogs, not continually partisen biased
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Two sources of biases
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Ownership (in the private media) and Journalistic Norms (unwritten rules of what is news worthy)
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Characteristics of Private Ownership
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1) Need for audience appeal
2) Sensationalism 3) Conflict 4) Good visuals/pictures 5) Pressure to be the first in reporting breaking news |
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Journalistic Norms
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1) Unusual/different
2) Conflict 3) Failure 4) Timeliness in news stories 5) Objectivity |
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Minimal impacts of the media altering ones beliefs...
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Americans pay selective attention to the media, they have selective perception and their level of education matters
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In the early canidate selection media can have an impact on...
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1) Primaries
2) Perceptions of viability 3) The momentum of the campaign (money contributions) |
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Personalities vs. Institutions
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Personalities get coverage over institutions and processes
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There is a lower trust in the government and a rising level of __________________.
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Cynicism
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Priming
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The impact of how one evaluates political leaders
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Framing
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How the media presents the issue
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Agenda Setting influences...
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What you think about and how important it is
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Why participate?
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It is good and legitimate
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Why does anyone participate to begin with?
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Individual costs and benefits
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Does it matter whether your group votes?
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Politicians respond to groups that participate
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Unconventional varieties of participation
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Protest, Terrorism, Petitions, Bribert, Picketting
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Conventional Varieties of Participation
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Voting, contacting a member of office, puplic opinion polling, campaigning, running for office, campaign contribution, joining a group, litigation/civit lawsuit
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US voting rates are lower...
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1) No holiday, lose work time
2) Registration is up to the individual 3) No mandatory voting 4) Counting differences 5) More frequent and numerous elections |
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Puzzle of low voting rates
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Despite higher education and easing registration laws voting has gone down
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Solutions to the puzzle
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1) Less mobilizaion
2) Younger electorate 3) Poorer evaluation of canidates and parties 4) Less social involvement 5) Lover feelings of political efficacy |
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Definition of Political Efficacy
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Sense that one can understand politics and their participation makes a difference
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Psychological factors influencing participation
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Political efficacy, sense of duty, interest in politics
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Sociological factors influencing participation
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Education, Race, Age, Sex
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Two preliminary basics of elections
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Primaries/Caucus and General election
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Primaries/Caucus chooses...
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Party nominees
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General Election chooses...
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Office holder
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Difference between two primaries
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Closed- must be a registered party member to participate, Open- one chooses which primary to participate in (democratic or republican)
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Blanket Primaries
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Now illegal, one person is choosen per office
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Consequences of increasing use of primaries
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1) Reduced power of the party
2) Democratized process 3) Campaigining becmes more media intensive 4) Expensive 5) Longer process 6) Front loaded process (importance of early wins) |
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Campaigning Strategies
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Issues, Framing, Mobilization
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In appealing to issues the person running for office adapts to...
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The voters sentiment
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Mobilization of Democratic Base
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less well off economically, unions, minorities, immigrants, Catholic, Jews, southerners
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Mobilization of Republican Base
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More well off economically, businesses, white, Protestant, higher educated
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Definition of Checks and Balances
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No branch can exercise power without interference from another
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Central Argument of the Declaration of Independence
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The people have a right to revolt if government is denying legitimate rights
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The Great Compromise provided for a...
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Two chamber legislature with representation equal for all states in the one chamber and according to population in the other.
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A power not specifically mentioned in the Constitution
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Assigned Power
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Two major developments in federalism
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1) Increase in authority of national government and power
2) Seperate spheres federalism to cooperative federalism |
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Causes of changes in federalism
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Violence (Civil War), Constitutional Amendments and Judicial Interpretation
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Pluralist movel of government says that ___________ rule.
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Group, diverse interests
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