Ap Government Midterm #1

Front 1

what makes a nation-state?

Back 1

population, territory, soverignty and government

Front 2

Direct Democracy

Back 2

-everybody has their say, gets to participate,
-inefficient because to cumbersome

Front 3

Representative Democracy

Back 3

-election, decisions, with representatives
-efficient, less people
-representatives could be corrupt

Front 4

Articles of Confederation

Back 4

First constituition. Formed a confederation among the states, power belonged to the states

Front 5

Shay's Rebellion

Back 5

because of economic crisis in Massachusetts, many farmers and working men were thrown into prison for debts. Daniel Shay led an angry mob in order to seize the federal arsenal.

Front 6

Constitutional Convention

Back 6

called to make changes in the Articles of Confederation, however ended up having to create a new government + constitution

Front 7

The Virginia Plan

Back 7

(Big State Plan)
-a two house legislature with numerical representation. Popularly elected lower house elects upper house. bigger states=more representation

Front 8

The New Jersey Plan

Back 8

(Small State Plan)
A one house legislature, with equal representation. Plural executive, removable by legislature, on petition from majority of state governors. "supremacy clause"

Front 9

Connecticut Compromise (The Great Compromise)

Back 9

two-house legislature with numerical representation in popularly elected House and equal state representation in state-elected Senate. Broad legislative power.

Front 10

The 3/5ths Compromise

Back 10

Battle between northern and southern over the condition of human slavery. Slaves would be counted as 3/5ths of a person towards the population count. Repealed with the passage of the 13th amendment.

Front 11

Federalists

Back 11

favored ratification of the Constitution. Led by many framers. Stressed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Front 12

Federalist Papers

Back 12

85 essays written by Hamilton, Madison trying to persuade the people to favor ratification

Front 13

Anti-Federalists

Back 13

Opposed ratification. Attacked the proposal on; powerful central government, loss of state sovereignty, and lacked bill of rights.

Front 14

Basic principles of The Constitution

Back 14

Popular Sovereignty
Limited Government
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
Judicial Review
Federalism

Front 15

Judicial Review

Back 15

the government and its officiers are always subject to the law. Authority to declare an act of government unconstitutional. (by the judiciary.)

Front 16

Checks & Balances

Back 16

Constitutional restraint. Government may do only those things that people have given power to do.

Front 17

Expressed Powers

Back 17

Spelled out in the Constitution. Most in Article 1, Seciton 8 Clauses 1-17.

Front 18

Implied Powers

Back 18

Implied powers are based on one of the Expressed powers. Necesarry and Proper Clause or Elastic Clause (stretches power)

Front 19

Inherent Powers

Back 19

Powers that belong to the National government because they existt. Exs: regulating territory, setting boundaries, etc.;

Front 20

Federalism

Back 20

System of government in which a written constitution divides the power of government on a territorial basis. Power is "shared" between the strong national government in D.C. and the 50 states . local matters dealt by state governments and national matters dealt by national government

Front 21

Marbury V. Madison

Back 21

establishes the principle of judicial review
authority of the courts to declare an act of government unconstitutional.
The Supreme Court first asserted its power of judicial review. Decision: declared that the Judiciary Act of 1789 is unconstitutional.

Front 22

McCulloch V. maryland

Back 22

Congress created national bang, one branch of bank was in Maryland. Maryland wanted to tax bank. U.S. has authority to create national bank under the necessarry and proper clause and cannot be taxed by a state.

Front 23

Aggrandizement

Back 23

increasing power of the National Government at the expense of states.

Front 24

Necessarry and Proper or "Elastic Clause"

Back 24

McCulloh v Maryland. Allows the expansion or stretching of the power of the National Government.

Front 25

Nullification

Back 25

States have the right to nullify a federal law that in states opinion violated the constitution.

Front 26

block grants

Back 26

money from the national government with guidelines for programs.

Front 27

categorical grants

Back 27

one with specific purpose defined by federal law

Front 28

federal mandates

Back 28

specific act or program that is required to the states by the national government.

Front 29

faction

Back 29

because of diverse interests, each of them could constitute something that would seek its own advantage

Front 30

bill of attainder

Back 30

a law that declares a person , without a trial to be guilty of a crime. State legislatures and Congress are forbidden to pass such acts by Article I of the Constitution

Front 31

Writ of habeaus corpus

Back 31

a court order directing a police officer, sheriff of warden who has a person in custody to bring the prisoner before a judge and who suffiecient cause for his or her detention. IN order to prevent illegal arrests and imprisonment.

Front 32

ex post facto law

Back 32

a law that makes criminal an act that was legal when it was committed that increases the penalty for a crime after it has been commited. Also forbidden.

Front 33

Preamble

Back 33

first part of of U.S. Constitution: addresses goals of public policy: strong union, establish justice, common defense, domestic tranquility, promoting general welfare, individual freedoms,