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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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govt is not all powerful; it is restricted in what it may do; each individual has rights govt cant take away
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limited govt
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govt should serve the will of the poeple; people should have a voice in what govt should do
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representative govt
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Great Charter forced on King John of england by his barons in 1215; established power of monarch was not absolute, guaranteed trial by jury, and due process to the nobility
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Magna Carta
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Doct prepared by parliament and signed by King Charles I of england in 1628; challenged idea of divine right of kings and declared even monarch was subject to laws of land
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Petition of Right
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doct written by parliament and agreed on by william and mary of england in 1689, designed to prevent abuse of power by english monarchs; forms basis for American govt and politics today
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English Bill of Rights
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a city's basic law, it's constitution; written grant of authority from king
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charter
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adj describing a legislative body composed of two chambers
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bicameral
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organized by proprietor-person to whom king had made a grant of land
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proprietary
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adj describing legislative body with one chamber
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unicameral
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joining of several groups for a common purpose
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confederation
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plan proposed by ben franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; plan turned down by colonies and crown
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Albany Plan of Union
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representatives
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delegates
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refusal to buy or sell certain products or services
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boycott
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recall
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repeal
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people are source of any and all govtal power, govt can exist only with consent of governed
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popular sovereignty
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plan of govt adopted by continental congress after american revolution; established "firm league of friendship" among states but allowed few impt powers to central govt
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Articles of Confederation
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formal approval, final consent to effectiveness to a constitution, amendment, or treaty
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ratification
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chair
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presiding officer
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group af delegates who drafted US constitution at Philly convention in 1787
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Framers
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plan presented by Vir. at const. conv.; called for 3 branch govt. with bicameral leg. in which each state's membership would be determined by pop or financial support for central govt
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Virginia Plan
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plan presented as alt. to Vir. plan at const. conv.; called for unicameral leg. in which each state would be equally represented
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New Jersey Plan
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agreement during const. conv. that congress would be senate (rep equally) and house (rep state pop)
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Connecticut Compromise
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agreement to const. conv to count a slave as 3/5 a person to determine state pop
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Three Fifths Compromise
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agreement during const. conv. protecting slave holders; denied congress power to tax export of goods from any state and for 20 yrs the power to act on the slave trade
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Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise
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persons who supported retification of Constitution in 1787-1788
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Federalists
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persons who opposed ratification on constitution in 1787-1788
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Anti-Federalists
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least number of members who must be present for a leg. body to conduct business; majority
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quorum
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introduction
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preamble
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numbered sections of a doct; unamended contitution is divided into 7
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articles
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govt and those who govern must obey law; rule of law
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constitutionalism
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concept that holds govt. and officers always subject to law
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rule of law
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executive, leg., and judicail powers are divided among three independent and coequal branches of govt
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separation of powers
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system of overlapping powers of leg., exec., and jud. branches to permit each branch to check actions of others
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checks ang balances
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chief executive's power to reject a bill passed by a leg.
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veto
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power of a court to determine constitutionality of a govtal action
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judicial review
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contrary to constitutional provision and so illegal, null and void, of no force and effect
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unconstitutionalism
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system of govt in which written constitution divides power between a central/national govt and several local govts
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federalism
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a change in, or addition to, a constitution of law
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amendment
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change or addition that becomes part of the written language of the constitution itself through one of four methods in const.
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formal amendment
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the first 10 amendments to const.
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Bill of Rights
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custom that senate will not approve a presidential appointment oppsed by a majority party senator from state in which appointee would serve
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senatorial courtesy
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pact made by pres. directly with head of foreign state; binding internatl agreement with force of law but which-unlike treaty- doesnt require senate consent
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executive agreement
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formal agreement between two or more sovereign states
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treaty
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group of persons chosen in each State and DC every four years who make formal selection of pres. and Vice
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electoral college
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presidential advisory body, traditionally made up of heads of executive departments and other officers
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Cabinet
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principle of fed.; constal provisions by which govtal powers are divided on a geographic basis-in US between natl and state govt
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division of powers
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those powers, expressed, implied or inherent granted to natl govt by const.
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delegated powers
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those delegated powers of natl govt spelled out expressly in const.; enumerated powers
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expressed powers
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delegated powers of natl govt suggested by expressed powers in const.; those "necessary and proper" to carry out expressed powers
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implied powers
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powers const. is presumed to have delegated to natl govt b/c it is the govt of a sovereign state within worl community
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inherent powers
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powers that const. does not grant to natl govt and does not deny to states
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reserved powers
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powers that can be exercised by natl govt alone
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exclusive powers
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powers that both natl and state govt possess and exercise
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concurrent powers
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congressional act directing people of US territory to frame a propsed state const. as a step towards admission to the Union
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enabling act
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congressional act admitting a new state to the Union
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act of admission
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grants of federal money or other resources to states, cities, counties, and other local units
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grants-in-aid program
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form of federal monetary aid under which congress gave a shaer of federal tax revenue,with virtually no restrictions, to states, cities, counties, and townships
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revenue sharing
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type of federal grants-in-aid; made for some specific, closely defined purpose
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categorical grant
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type of federal grant-in-aid for some particular but broadly defined area of public policy
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block grant
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type of federal grant-in-aid; made for specific projects to states, localities, and private agencies who apply for them
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project grant
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formal agreement entered into with consent of congress, between or among states, or between state and foreign state
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interstate compact
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const's requirement that each state accept public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state
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Full Faith and Credit Clause
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legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one state is returned to that state
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extradition
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const's stipulation that all citizens are entitled to certain "pr. and imms." regardless of their state of residence; no state can draw unreasonable distinctions between its own residents and those persons who happen to live in other states
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Priveleges and Immunities Clause
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