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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is another class name for glycylcyclines?
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third generation tetracyclines
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What is the name of the only glycylcycline product available? And in what form is it available?
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Tigecycline (Tygacil)
Only IV form |
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What is tigecycycline used for?
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Restricted to difficult-to-treat skin and soft tissue infx and intra-abdominal infx
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Why is tigecycline not usually used as a first line agent?
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it has been associated w/ increased risk of death
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Contraindications to tigegycline
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children <8 years of age and pregnancy
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Spectrum of activity for tigecycline
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• Gram-positive—including MRSA, VRE, PRSP
• Gram-negative • Atypicals • Anaerobes • Improved compared to standard TCNs—overcomes mechanisms of TCN resistance (efflux pumps, ribosomal protection) |
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Is tigecycline time-dependent or dose-dependent?
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time-dependent
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Does tigecycline have many drug-drug interactions?
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No. Minimal drug interactions
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AEs of tigecycline
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• CNS
• GI • Pancreatitis • Pseudomembranous colitis • Increased INR |
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What drugs are sulfonamides and when are they commonly used?
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-most common form is sulfamethoxazole combined with trimethoprim; sulfisoxazole + erythromycin is also used in pediatric patients.
-Trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is frequently prescribed for the treatment of common urinary, respiratory, and gastrointestinal tract infection, including community-associated MRSA. |
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What is dose based on for sulfonamides?
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The dose is based on trimethoprim component.
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Sulfonamides- Spectrum of activity
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• Gram-positive
• Gram-negative • Pneumocystis carinii • Protozoa • Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus (CA-MRSA) |
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Safety of sulfonamides (contraindications and cautions)
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• Pregnancy:
o Avoid in 3rd trimester—kernicterus o Caution in 1st trimester—interferes with folic acid metabolism • Lactation: Avoid when infant <2 months old—kernicterus • Neonates: Avoid in infants <2 months old—kernicterus |
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AEs of sulfonamides
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• Hypersensitivity or allergic reactions—3% to 5%
• Phototoxicity • Gastrointestinal • Bone marrow suppression • Hepatotoxicity |
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What are some common uses for clindamycin?
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skin infections, vaginal infections, oral infections, acne and anaerobic coverage (above the diaphragm)
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Spectrum of activity of clindamycin
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• Gram-positives (includes MRSA)- increasing resistance, so be cautious
• Anaerobes |
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Is clindamycin time-dependent or dose-dependent?
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time-dependent
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Is clindamycin good for CNS infx?
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No. Does not penetrate CNS.
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Clindamycin drug-drug interactions
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minimal
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Safety of clindamycin in children and pregnancy
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safe in both
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AEs of clindamycin
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• Diarrhea- Clostridium difficile, Pseudomembranous colitis
• Nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain • Bone marrow suppression • Hepatotoxicity (rare) |
