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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When dietary glucose enters the cell, it is phosphorylated by what enzyme? |
Hexokinase |
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For hexokinase to be active, it requires what? |
ATP |
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Why must dietary glucose be phosphorylated when it enters the cell? |
The addition of the phosphate group prevents the glucose from diffusing across the membrane. This is due to phosphate's negative charge and large size. |
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Dietary glucose is phosphorylated into what? |
Glucose-6-Phosphate |
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What is Glucose-6-Phosphate in equilibrium with? |
Glucose-1-phosphate and fuctose-6-phosphate |
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What molecules are included in the first metabolic pool for glycolysis? |
Glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, and fructose-6-phosphate |
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Fructose-6-phosphate is phosphorylated by what enzyme? |
Phosphofructokinase |
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What is fructose-6-phosphate converted to by phsophofructokinase? |
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate |
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Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is cleaved into two molecules. What are they? |
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate |
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What is the enzyme that cleaves fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two molecules? |
Aldolase |
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What are the two molecules in the second metabolic pool of glycolysis? |
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate |
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What coenzyme and cofactor are needed to convert glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate? |
NAD+ and inorganic phosphate |
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What is the enzyme that dehydrolyzes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate? |
3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase |
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After glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted into glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate, what products are present? |
2 NADH molecules |
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What converts glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate into glycerate-3-phosphate? |
3-phosphoglycerate kinase |
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What is a product of the dephosphorylation of glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate? |
2 ATP molecules |
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What molecules are in the third metabolic pool for glycolysis? |
glycerate-3-phosphate, glycerate-2-phosphate, and phosphoenol pyruvate |
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How is glycerate-2-phospate converted into phosphoenol pyruvate? |
Via dehydration |
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What converts phosphoenol pyruvate into pyruvate (enol form)? |
Pyruvate kinase? |
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What is the product of the dephsophorylation phosphoenol pyruvate? |
2 ATP molecules |
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Why does pyruvate not stay in its enol form? |
The enol form is unstable, so it converts into the keto form, which has a lower energy state. |
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Why can the enol form of pyruvate spontaneously form into the keto form? |
There is a negative delta G value. |
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How many pyruvate molecules are produced? |
2 |
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During aerobic respiration, where does pyruvate go? |
It gets fed into the TCA cycle |
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During anaerobic respiration, what happens to the 2 pyruvate molecules? |
The pyruvate gets broken down into either ethanol or lactate, depending on what enzyme is present. |
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What converts pyruvate into lactate? |
Lactate dehydrogenase plus one molecule of NADH |
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What coverts pyruvate into ethanol? |
Alcohol dehydrogenase plus one molecule of NADH |
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Why can pyruvate freely move across membranes? |
Pyruvate lacks a charge and is relatively unhindered (i.e. there are no large groups attached, like a phosphate) |
