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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glycolysis is needed in all cells, but especially in those without a mitochondria. How come? |
Glycolysis is the only energy yield in these processes |
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Glycolysis initiates by glucose being split into: |
2 pyruvate molecules |
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What’re the two kinases found in the body? |
Hexokinase and glucokinase |
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Three things about hexokinase |
Found in most tissues Inhibited by glucose 6-phosphate Has low Km |
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3 things about glucokinase |
Found in pancreas and hepatocytes Insulin induced High km |
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PFK-1 is inhibited by high energy and activated by low energy. What are the molecules for each? |
ATP for High AMP for low |
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Irreversible steps of glycolysis |
Hexo/glucokinase PFK-1 Pyruvate kinase |
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The overall free energy of glycolysis is |
Negative, with some positive intermediated |
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Delta G is calculated by _________—__________ |
Gproducts — Greactants |
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A positive delta G value indicates energy is ________ |
Input or needed |
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A positive delta G value indicates energy is ________ |
Input or needed |
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A negative delta G indicates |
A release of energy |
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Coupling |
The culmination of two different reactions to yield a total favorable/unfavorable reaction |
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How many net ATP does glycolysis yield? |
2 (2 are needed to start, 4 are produced) |
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What is glycolysis? |
Burning of glucose to make ATP and NADH “reducing power” |
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Location of glycolysis |
Cytoplasm |
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What cells participate in glycolysis? |
All |
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What is the cofactor that is used with ATP to start glycolysis? |
Mg2+ |
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First committed step of glycolysis |
PFK-1 because it’s product can’t be used for anything else or reversed |
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Which reaction needs NAD+? |
Reaction 6 GAP—> 1,3 BPG |
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Products of glycolysis |
4 ATP produced 2 NADH 2 pyruvate |
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How is energy required reactions driven? |
By hydrolysis of ATP |
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Substrate level phosphorylation |
Transfer of phosphorous directly from substrate to ADP to yield ATP |
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When is glycolysis used? |
When glucose concentration is high and ATP concentration is low |
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Hexokinase, PFK-1 and pyruvate kinase |
3 irreversible steps of glycolysis |
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What other processes can glucose 6-Phosphate enter? |
Glycolysis or PPP |
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What other processes can glucose 6-Phosphate enter? |
Glycolysis or PPP |
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ATP and citrate are inhibitors or activators of PFK-1 |
Inhibitors |
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Activators of PFK-1/glycolysis |
AMP/ADP |
