Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Define a redox reaction
|
One species is oxidised whilst another is reduced
OIL RIG |
|
|
Define Oxidation
|
Oxidation is the loss of electrons
|
|
|
Define Reduction
|
Reduction is the gain of electrons
|
|
|
Where does cell glycolysis take place?
|
In the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and eukaryotes
|
|
|
What is ATP
|
The main energy currency of the cell
|
|
|
Name one electron carrier and identify its two forms
|
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).
Oxidised it is NAD+ Reduced it is NADH NAD+ + 2e- + H+ = NADH |
|
|
Name another electron carrier and identify its two forms
|
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)
Oxidised it is FAD Reduced it is FADH2 FAD + 2e + 2H+ = FADH2 |
|
|
Formula & Structure of glucose
|
C6
H12 O6 |
|
|
Definition of phosphorylation
|
Phosphate group is added
|
|
|
Definition of isomerisation
|
Molecule is transformed by rearranging
|
|
|
Definition of oxidation
|
The loss of electrons and thus increase in oxidation state
|
|
|
Formula and Structure of Pyruvate
|
CH3
CO COO H |
|
|
The first step of glycolysis
|
Glucose is phosphorylated by ATP
Catalyzed by hexokinase Glucose 6-phosphate is formed |
|
|
The second step of glycolysis
|
Glucose 6-phosphate isomerised
Catalysed by phosphoglucose isomerase Fructose 6-phosphate is formed |
|
|
A conversion of which molecules occurs during the second step of glycolysis
|
Conversion of Glucose 6 phosphate (aldose)
To Fructose 6- phosphate (ketose) |
|
|
The third step of glycolysis
|
Fructose 6- phosphate is phosphorylated by ATP
Catalyzed by phosphofructokinase (PFK) Fructose 1 - 6 biphosphate formed and ADP |
|
|
The fourth step of glycolysis
|
Fructose 1 6 biphosphate split
Catalyzed by Aldolase Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate formed Dihydroxyacetone phosphate formed |
|
|
The fifth step of glycolysis
|
Dihydroxyacetone phophate isomerized
Catalyzed by triose phopshate isomerase Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate formed |
|
|
The sixth step of glycolysis
|
Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate converted to 1, 3 biophosphoglycerate.
Catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (Aldehyde group of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate is oxidised) Inorganic phosphate and NAD+ is used. |
|
|
The seventh step of glycolysis
|
1 3 biophosphoglycerate transfer phosphoryl group to ADP
Catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase ATP formed 3 - Phosphoglycerate formed |
|
|
The eight step of glycolysis
|
3 - phopshoglyerate converted
Catalyzed by phosphoglycerate mutase 2 phosphoglycerate formed |
|
|
The ninth step of glycolysis
|
2 phopshoglycerate dehydrated
Phosphophoenolpyruvate (PEP) formed Catalyzed by enolase Low energy phopshate ester bond converted into high energy phosphate bond of PEP |
|
|
The tenth step of glycolysis
|
Phosphoenolpyruvate transfers phosphoryl group
to ADP Catalyzed by pyruvate kinase ATP Formed Pyruvate formed |
