Glg Exam 4

Front 1

Altamont Wind Pass

Back 1

One of the first large wind farms. It was developed after the energy crisis in the 1970's

Front 2

Increase in oil demand

Back 2

118 Million barrels per day by 2030

Front 3

Proven Reserves

Back 3

Oil that is economically recoverable today

Front 4

Number of undiscovered oil

Back 4

649 Billion Barrels

Front 5

Better recovery of existing fields will add this number

Back 5

612 Billion Barrels

Front 6

Oil, Coal and Natural Gases

Back 6

Make up 85% of our energy resources. (All fossil fuels).

Front 7

Drilling sites

Back 7

Approx. the size of one football field

Front 8

Drilling Mud

Back 8

Fluid; Mixture of water, clay, barite and chemicals.

Front 9

Horizontal Drilling

Back 9

Increases production and Limits Surface Disturbance.

Front 10

Oil and Natural Gas transportation

Back 10

pipelines, ships, barges and trucks

Front 11

Exxon Valdez

Back 11

$2 Billion in clean-up cost.
260,000 Barrels of Crude oil
46th Largest oil spill

Front 12

Refining

Back 12

Processing petroleum to produce marketable products such as gasoline or diesel fuel.

Front 13

Oil Shale

Back 13

Heating can generate recoverable oil.

Front 14

Nuclear Fusion

Back 14

Bombarding uranium atoms with neutrons can induce a chain reaction that is self-sustaining, producing much energy

Front 15

Geothermal

Back 15

Use of ambient temperature of Earth and concentrated heat source areas.

Front 16

Hydropower

Back 16

Use of dams to store water and using gravity to generate kinetic energy and harnessing of ocean waves.

Front 17

Wind Power

Back 17

use of rotating propellers for harnessing wind

Front 18

Solar Power

Back 18

Primarily photovoltaic cells for power

Front 19

Biomass

Back 19

Energy obtained from crops, grasses through fermentation, photosynthesis and other processes.

Front 20

Argon

Back 20

colorless, orderless, nontoxic, and non reactive gas

Front 21

Troposphere

Back 21

Atmosphere layer in which our weather occurs

Front 22

Stratosphere

Back 22

Atmosphere layer in which our airplanes fly

Front 23

Ozone Layer

Back 23

Atmosphere layer within the stratosphere

Front 24

Common Greenhouse Gases

Back 24

Water(h20), Methane (CH4), CO, Nitrous Oxide (N2o)

Front 25

Volatile Organic Compounds

Back 25

Chemicals that contain carbon and hydrogen and evaporate easily.
-Benzene, Toluene, butane and propane.
- Can lead to smog

Front 26

Nitrogen Oxide

Back 26

NOx
- Produced during combustion of fossil fuels.
- Key ingredient for smog, acid rain and causes respiratory issues for people

Front 27

Carbon Monoxide

Back 27

- colorless, odorless, tasteless and dangerous gas
- 75% produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels
- Good indicator of air pollution

Front 28

Photochemical Smog

Back 28

brownish haze over cities on warm, sunny days.

Front 29

Acid Rain

Back 29

NOx and SO2 react with water.
- SO2 emissions is the principle cause

Front 30

Chlorofluorocarbons

Back 30

- CFC's
- Destroy Ozone

Front 31

Climate Change

Back 31

- Influence by atmosphere composition and Solar radiation Earth receives.

Front 32

The Greenhouse Effect

Back 32

Solar radiation reflected or reradiated by Earth’s surface is absorbed by greenhouse gases and warms the atmosphere. The warmed atmosphere reemits radiation back to Earth, causing surface warming.

Front 33

Milankovitch Cycles

Back 33

cyclic changes in axis tilt, orbital eccentricity, and precession cycles lead to cycles of colder climate (glacial maximums) and warmer climate (interglacial periods)

Front 34

Chemical-weathering processes

Back 34

break down silicate minerals
- Reactions work to decrease atmospheric CO2 concentrations

Front 35

Silicate weathering

Back 35

likely to be more extensive:
Continents split into smaller fragments surrounded by oceans—wetter
Continentals are located at lower latitudes—warmer conditions

Front 36

Paleoclimatology

Back 36

Studying past climates

Front 37

Climate Models

Back 37

- Scientific
- General Circulation
- IPCC

Front 38

Scientific Model

Back 38

physical or mathematical representation of system relationships and processes

Front 39

General Circulation Model

Back 39

represent the interactions of the major components of climate system: solar radiation, atmosphere, oceans, land, and ice

Front 40

IPCC Model

Back 40

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Front 41

Sedimentary Rock

Back 41

Can store and create oil

Front 42

Municipal Solid Waste

Back 42

MSW
- The United States generates 230 Billion Kilograms (254 Million tons) of garbage