Geology Exam 1 Vocabulary Review Chapters 1-4

Front 1

The type of plate boundary where two plates collide

Back 1

convergent

Front 2

The type of bond holding one water molecule to another water molecule

Back 2

hydrogen

Front 3

Frozen part of hydrosphere

Back 3

cryosphere

Front 4

Marine sediment from space

Back 4

cosmogeneous

Front 5

An example of a continental-continental convergent plate boundary

Back 5

Himalayas

Front 6

Part of the earth made up of living organisms

Back 6

Biosphere

Front 7

The type of boundary where plates move away from each other

Back 7

divergent

Front 8

Liquid water changes to water vapor without boiling

Back 8

evaporation

Front 9

Solid from of methane found in sediment on continental shelf and slope

Back 9

gas hydrates

Front 10

Abbreviation for the depth at which calcium carbonate dissolves

Back 10

CCD

Front 11

The mechanism for plate movement

Back 11

convection

Front 12

The type of boundary where two plates slide past each other

Back 12

transform

Front 13

Part of Earth that is solid and very dense

Back 13

inner core

Front 14

Sediment that has its source from life

Back 14

biogeneous

Front 15

Type of satellite that orbits over the poles

Back 15

polar

Front 16

One of the organisms that makes up a calcareous ooze

Back 16

foraminifera

Front 17

Type of crust that is thin, composed of basalt, rich in Iron and Magnesium, and is very dense

Back 17

oceanic

Front 18

Name of supercontinent proposed by Wegener

Back 18

pangaea

Front 19

ring shaped island surrounding a lagoon, formed on eroding volcano

Back 19

atoll

Front 20

When a piece of the glacier breaks off, forms icebergs

Back 20

calving

Front 21

Breakdown of rock material either physically or chemically

Back 21

weathering

Front 22

Flat, very flat ares of sea floor

Back 22

abyssal plains

Front 23

Sediment coming from weather and erosion on the continents

Back 23

lithgeneous

Front 24

Type of satellite that remains over a fixed point of Earth

Back 24

geostationary

Front 25

Sediment that is precipitated from seawater

Back 25

hydrogeneous

Front 26

Near shore lithogeneous sediment deposits

Back 26

neritic

Front 27

Forms when a plate moves over a mantle plume

Back 27

hot spot

Front 28

The most common composition of lithogeneous sediment

Back 28

quartz

Front 29

The amount of heat that will raise a 1 gram sample of a substance by 1 degree celsius

Back 29

heat capacity

Front 30

Rain and Snow

Back 30

precipitation

Front 31

Type of crust that is thick, composed mostly of granite, rich in Silicon and aluminum, and has a low density

Back 31

continental

Front 32

Part of Earth that includes water in solid, liquid, and gaseous forms

Back 32

hydrosphere

Front 33

Deepest part of ocean

Back 33

trench

Front 34

Example of a hot spot

Back 34

hawaii

Front 35

Example of divergent plate boundary

Back 35

Mid Atlantic Ridge

Front 36

Gases and suspended particles surrounding the planet

Back 36

Atmosphere

Front 37

Underwater volcanoes

Back 37

seamounts

Front 38

An example of an oceanic-continental convergent plate boundary

Back 38

cascades

Front 39

The type of bond holding a water molecule together

Back 39

covalent

Front 40

Pillow shaped rocks formed from underwater lava flow

Back 40

pillow basalts

Front 41

Removal of rock material by water, wind, or ice

Back 41

erosion

Front 42

These are carved into continental slope by turbidity currents

Back 42

submarine canyons

Front 43

Nearly flat area of seafloor adjacent to beach

Back 43

continental shelf

Front 44

Underwater landslides that can carve submarine canyons

Back 44

turbidity currents

Front 45

Spheres of calcite precipitated out of seawater

Back 45

ooliths

Front 46

Fan shape deposit on continental rise at the base of submarine canyon

Back 46

submarine fan

Front 47

The Aleutian islands are this type of convergent plate boundary

Back 47

oceanicoceanic

Front 48

Deep ocean basin sediment deposits

Back 48

pelagic

Front 49

Composed of uppermost mantle and crust

Back 49

lithosphere

Front 50

These organisms make up a silicious ooze

Back 50

diatoms

Front 51

Hydrosphere

Back 51

The hydrosphere encompasses water in all three phases that continually cycles from one reservoir to another withing the Earth system

Front 52

Cryosphere

Back 52

The frozen portion of the hydrosphere concompassing massive glacial ice sheets mountain glaziers ice and bergs.

Front 53

Atmosphere

Back 53

Relatively thin envelope of gases and tiny suspended particles surrounding the planet.

Front 54

Geosphere

Back 54

The solid portion of the planet consisting of rocks, minerals, and sediments.

Front 55

Biosphere

Back 55

The biosphere consists of all living organisms on Earth; component of ecosystems.

Front 56

What % of the Earth's surface is covered by the oceans

Back 56

70.8%
Avg depth 3.8km or 2.4 miles
Accts for 0.02% of Earth's mass

Front 57

Galcier

Back 57

A mass of ice that flows internally under the influence of gravity.

Front 58

Lithosphere

Back 58

The rigid upper portion of the Earth's mantle plus the overlying crust

Front 59

What are the two most abundant gases in the atmosphere?

Back 59

Nitrogen-78%
Oxygen-20.95%

Front 60

Four layers of the Earth

Back 60

Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core