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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the endocrine glands
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*Hypothalamus
*Pituitary *Parathyroid *Thyroid *Adrenals *Pancreas *Gonads |
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What is the function of the endocrine system?
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The synthesis and secretion of hormones.
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What are hormones?
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Chemical messengers via the blood stream.
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What are the functions of hormones?
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*Reproduction
*Stress/injury response *Fluid and electrolyte balance *Energy metabolism *Growth *Maturation *Aging |
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Which hormones are released by the anterior pituitary?
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*GH(growth hormone)
*Prolactin *LH (leutintenizing hormone) *TSH *ACTH |
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Which hormones are released by the posterior pituitary?
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*ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
*Oxytosin |
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What are disorders of the anterior pituitary gland?
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*Hypersecretion
*Hyposecretion |
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What is the usual cause for hypersecretion of the anterior of the pituitary?
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Tumor on the pituitary gland.
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What causes Gigantism?
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Hypersecretion of the growth hormone from the anterior pituitary.
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What is happening to the body in Gigantism?
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There is an influx of growth hormone before epiphyseal closing, thus making long bones to grow.
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Which tissues also grow in Gigantism?
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The heart.
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What causes acromegaly?
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Hypersecretion of the anterior pituitary.
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What is happening to the ody in Acromegaly?
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There continues to be an influx of growth hormone after the closing of the epiphyseal plate. The soft bones continue to grow.
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Why should you be aware of the airway of someone who has Acromegaly?
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Because the tongue can grow so large it can block the airway.
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What are some treatments for hypersecretion of the GH?
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*Octriotice
*GH *Insulin *Glucagon |
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List some interventions of hypersecretion of GH.
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*Teaching of Octiotide
*Unconditional acceptance and emotional support *pre and post op care |
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What causes hyposecretion of the growth hormone?
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Removal of a tumor from the anterior pituitary.
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Can there be signs and symptoms of hypersecretion of GH in hyposecretion of GH?
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Yes, because the effects of hypersecretion of GH are not reversible.
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Dwarfism caused by hyposecretion of GH normally occurs in who?
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Children.
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How does a person with Dwarfism look?
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They are very smal but proportionate.
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What are the trends in the growth chart of a child with Dwarfism?
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Normal growth and then flatten out.
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How do you treat hyposecretion of GH?
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Give growth hormone.
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What happens in hypersecretion of TSH?
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This stimulates the thyroid to produce excess thyroid hormone and/or stimulate over growth of the gland itself.
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What are the results of hypersecretion of TSH?
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Increased BMR.
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What happens in hyposecretion of TSH?
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Decreased stimulation of the thyroid gland which inhibits proper growth, development, and production of hormones.
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What are the results of hyposecretion of TSH?
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A decreased BMR.
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What happens in hypersecretion of ACTH?
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Increased growth of the adrenal cortex.
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How does hypersecretion of ACTH affect the adrenal cortex?
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It stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce too much glucocorticoid steroid.
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What is a disease of hypersecretion of ACTH?
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Cushings disease.
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What is a disease of hyposecretion of ACTH?
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Addisons disease.
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What is SIADH syndrome?
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Too much ADH.
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What is a symptom of SIADH?
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Hypervolemia which increases the BP.
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What causes SIADH?
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A tumor or brain injury.
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What should you assess for in a pt with SIADH?
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Hydration status by daily weights, skin turgor, urine color and sediment, hypernatrumia, LOC, & VS.
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What may happen to ADH post-op?
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It can stay high for several days.
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What are some interventions for SIADH?
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Fluid restriction, diuretics, lay pt flat or 10% fowlers, protect from injury, seizure precautions, prevent skin breakdown.
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What is a result of hyposecretion of ADH?
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Diabetes insipidus (DI).
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What are the symptoms of DI?
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*Polydypsia
*Polyplasia *polyurea *Constipation *Hypertension *Tachycardia *Hypovalemia |
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What distinguishes DI from diabetes mellitus?
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DI has no metabolic problems.
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What causes DI?
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Altered communication between hypothalamus, pituitary, decreased response to ADH int the kidney, and excesive water intake.
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When should you assess for DI?
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After head injuries, shaken baby, and jarring.
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What are the 2 hormones of the thyroid?
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1.T4
2.T3 |
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How do T4 and T3 work?
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With iodine, T4 creates T3.
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What is hyperthyroidism?
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Too much T3.
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What causes hyperthyroidism?
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Tumors, autoimmune, too much TSH.
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What should you assess for in hyperthyroidism?
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VS, weight loss, hot.
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List some symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
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Heat intolerance, weight loss, increase appetite, diarrhea, palpitations, insomnia, nervousness, exophthalmos.
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What are some diseases of hyperthyroidism?
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*Graves disease
*Toxic nodular goiters |
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What is a life threatening condition of hyperthyroidism?
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Thyroid crisis/storm.
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What causes hypotyroidism?
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Autoimmune response, low TSH.
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List some signs of hypothyroidism.
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*Cold intolerance
*Weight gain *Fatigue *Myxedema *Renal calculi |
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What is one disease associated with hypothyroidism?
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Cretinism.
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What do parathyroid glands do and how do they do it?
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They regulate calcium by promoting the release of calcium, increase reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys, and intestinal absorption of calcium.
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List the 3 causes of hyperparathyroidism.
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1.Primary - too much PTH
2.Secondary - alterations in calcium 3.Tertiary - increase gland growth, through tumors |
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What are the results of hyperparathyroidism?
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Hypercalcemia, renal calculi, cardiac arrest.
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What causes hypoparathyroidism?
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Iatrogen - self-inflicted.
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How do you test for hypoparathyroidism?
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*Hypersensative response
*Trousseaus sign - BP cuff causes hand to spasm *Chuostek's - nerve in front of ear causes face spasm *Cardiac arrest |
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Where is the adrenal medulla?
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Inner part of the adrenal glands.
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Where is the adrenal cortex?
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The outside of the adrenal gland.
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What are the hormones controlled by the adrenal cortex?
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*Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
*Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) *Androgens and estrogens |
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What is a result of hypersecretions of glucocorticoids?
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Cushings syndrome.
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In assessing for hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, what should a nurse look for?
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*Increased coagulation
*Decreased wound healing *Infection |
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What is a good nursing intervention for hypersecretion of glucocorticoids?
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Wean off cortisol preparations.
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What is a primary cause of hyposecretion of glucocorticoids?
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Addison's disease.
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As a nursing intervention, what is essention for life?
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Corticosteroid therapy cannot be stopped abruptly.
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What are some clinical manifestations of hypersecretions of mineralcorticoids?
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*Sodium and water retention
*Fluid and electrolyte imbalances |
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What are some clinical manifestations of hyposecretion of mineralcorticoids?
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*Tendency toward shock
*Fluid and electrolyte imbalance |
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What is erythropoiten?
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Glycoprotein hormone synthesized in kidney.
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What does erythropoiten do?
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It stimulates and regulates erythocytes.
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