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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adrenal Glands
Corticomedullary Ratio? Composition of Medulla? |
~1:1
Chromaffin Cells -> Catecholamines (epi) |
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Adrenal Cortex
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GFR (Glomerulosa - Fasciculata - Reticularis)
Salt (Mineralocorticoid / Aldosterone) Sugar (Glucocorticoid / Cortisol) Sex (Sex Steroids) |
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Zona glomerulosa
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Hypotension -> *Juxtaglomerular cells -> Renin (Angiotensinogen to ATI) --> Lung ACE (ATI to ATII) --> ATII is Primary Stimulus for ALDO release
(hyperkalemia also causes Aldo release) Aldo - inc. Na (water) resportion. Failure of Aldo excretion yields letha retention of K and loss of Na |
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Zona fasciculata
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Glucocorticoids in response to CRH/ACTH
Glucose Sparing -- Catabolic effects on fat, muscle, lymph, ct --> hyperglycemia, glycogen synthesis, and gluconeogenesis Anti-inflammatory, suppress immune system and suppress Collagen synth |
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Zona Reticularis
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Sex Steroids and small amts of Glucocorticoids
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Hyperplasia and Neoplasia of the Adrenals (4)
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1. Nodular cortical hyperplasia (older dog, cat, horse - often incidental)
2. Diffuse cortical hyperplasia (from ACTH secreting tumor) 3. Cortical Adenoma (esp old dogs - usually incidental) 4. Cortical Carcinoma (less common) |
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Hyperfunction of Adrenal Gland I
of the cortex? who gets it? how does it present? |
Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushings)
most common endocrinopathy of Aged Dogs A. Fnxnl corticotroph Adenoma (pituitary - high ACTH) B. Fnxnl Adrenocortical Adenoma/Carcinoma (low ACTH) C. Iatrogenic steroid admins - bilateral atrophy |
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Hyperfunction of Adrenal Gland II
what are the clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism? |
Middle-Old, Poodle, Dachschund, Cheri, Tank
inc. alkaline phosphatase (except in cats) 'pot belly' due to loss of ab musculature PU/PD (dogs only) inc appetite hepatomegaly (steroid hepatopathy) muscle atrophy alopecia, hyperkeratosis Calcinosis Cutis Steroid-Induced peripheral insulin resistance --> Diabetes Mellitus |
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Feline Hyperadrenocorticism
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similar to dogs but not typically PU/PD and no steroid hepatopathy
often assoc w/ diabetes mellitus |
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Ferret Hyperadrenocorticism
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very common, middle age - due to HyperEstrogenism
cortisol is normal to low |
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Adrenal Medulla Hyperfunction
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extremely rare
assoc. w/fnxnk Pheochromocytoma xs epi --> hypertension, hyperglycemia, vasoconstriction, diffuse sweating, tachycardia -- hard to document in animals |
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Primary Hypoadrenocorticism
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Addison's Dz
loss/necrosis of all 3 cortical layers - typically in young-middle Bitches no clinical signs til ~90% cortical destrxn Weakness, collapse, poor pulses, bradycardia, hypothermia, dehydration, ab pain, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia low aldo (hypovolemia, hypotension, low CO, slower conduction) low cortisol (GI, anorexia, vomit, pain, weight loss, stress intolerance) |
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Secondary Hypoadrenocorticism
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due to reduced ACTH secretion
Iatrogenic (long term steroid use) Atrophies only the zones Fasciculata and Reticularis |
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Hypofunction of Adrenal Medulla
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doesn't seem to happen... probably not compatible with life
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