Gis

Front 1

GIS

Back 1

Geographic Information (Sysytem, Science, Studies)

Front 2

GIS is

Back 2

data is spatially referenced

Front 3

An Intuitive Description

Back 3

1. A map with a database behind it

2. A virtual representation of the real world and its infrastructure

3. A consistent "as-built" of the real world, natural and manmade

Front 4

Spatial is Special

Back 4

Almost all human activities and decisions involve a geographic component

Front 5

Spatial is Special (technical)

Back 5

1. Multidimensional

2. Voluminous

3. Often must be projected onto flat surface

4. Requires special methods of analysis

Front 6

Why Study GIS?

Back 6

1. Local government

-garbage collection, water supply

2. State government

-natural resource management

-highways and transportation

3. Businesses

-retail site selection

4. Scientific Research

-geography, geology, botany

-epidemiology, criminology

Front 7

Examples of Applied GIS

Back 7

Engineering

Real Estate

Environmental Sciences

Urban Planning

Political Science

Education Administration

Health Care

Business

Front 8

Knowledge Base for GIS

Back 8

The convergence of technological fields and traditional disciplines

Front 9

Three Views of GIS

Back 9

1. Database View

2. Map View

3. Model View

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Database View

Back 10

Based on a structured database that describes the world in geographic terms

Geographic database (geodatabase)

Front 11

Map View

Back 11

A GIS is a set of intelligent maps and other views thaat show features and feature relationships on the earth's surface

Front 12

Model View

Back 12

A GIS is a set of information transformation tools that derive new geographic datasets from existing datasets.

Geoprocessing functions take information from existing data sets, apply analytic functions, and write results into new derived datasets

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What can you do with GIS

Back 13

Map where things are

Map quantities

Map densities

Find what's inside

Find what's nearby

Map change

Front 14

Map where things are

Back 14

Find a feature

Find a pattern

Front 15

Map Quantities

Back 15

where the most and least are

to find places that meet criteria and take action

to see relationships between places

Front 16

Map Densities

Back 16

Lets you measure the number of features using a uniform areal unit

Especially useful when mapping area, such as tracts or counties

Front 17

Find Whats Inside

Back 17

Use GIS to monitor what's happening and to take specific action by mapping what's __________ of a specific area

Front 18

Find What's nearby

Back 18

Find out what is occurring within a set distance of a feature

Front 19

Map Change

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_________in an area to anticipate future conditions, decide on a course of action, or to evaluate the results of an action or policy

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GIS is used to

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Collect spatial data

Store spatial data

Retrieve spatial data

Analyze spatial data

Display Spatial data

Front 21

Isoline

Back 21

line connecting points of equal elevation above sea-level

Front 22

Choropleth

Back 22

Map that best shows the amount of a particular phenomenon varies from area to area

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Catography

Back 23

The art, science, and technology of making maps

Front 24

Latitude

Back 24

The angular distance north or south of the equator

Front 25

Azimuthal

Back 25

The projection that shows the true direction from one central point to all other points

Front 26

Topographic

Back 26

A map that depicts the shape and elevation of terrain

Front 27

Scale

Back 27

The _________of a map is the ratio between the measurement of something on the map and the corresponding measurement on the earth

Front 28

Equal Area or Equivalent

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A map that shows the correct areal relationships

Front 29

Source for geographic information used to create a geographic database

Back 29

Aerial photographs

Field Surveys

Maps

Front 30

Remote Sensing

Back 30

Geographic Information Technology that is used to detect the nature of an object and the content of an area without direct contact with the ground

Front 31

Describe Geographical Features

Back 31

Recognize two types of data:

1. Spatial Data

2. Attribute Data

Front 32

Spatial Data

Back 32

describes location (where)

Front 33

Attribute Data

Back 33

specifies characteristics at that location, (what, how much, and when)

Front 34

Represent Geographical Features Digitally in GIS

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by grouping layers based on similar characteristics and using either:

1. Vector Data Model

2. Raster Data Model

by selecting appropriate data properties for each layer wrt:

1. projection, scale, accuracy, and resolution

Front 35

Incorporate Geographic Features into a Computer Application System

Back 35

by using a relational Data Base Management System (DBMS)

Front 36

Spatial Data Types

Back 36

Continuous

Areas

Networks

Points

Front 37

Continuous Data Types

Back 37

elevation, rainfall, ocean salinity

Front 38

Areas Data Types

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Unbounded: landuse, market areas, soils, rock type

Bounded: city/county/state boundaries, ownership parcels, zoning

Moving: air masses, animal herds, schools of fish

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Network Data Types

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roads, transmission lines, streams

Front 40

Points of Data Types

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Fixed: wells, street lamps, addresses

Moving: cars, fish, deer

Front 41

GIS Data Structures

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Spatial data types and attribute data types:

1. raster data structures

2. Vector data structures

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Raster Data Structures

Back 42

represents geography via grid cells

Front 43

Vector Data Structures

Back 43

represents geography via coordinates

-> points

->Lines

->Polygons

->Networks

->Surfaces