Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is absorbed in the DUODENUM? What other purposes does the duodenum serve?
|
absorbs:
1. iron 2. calcium 3. folic acid also: 1. neutralizes acid 2. initiates digestion |
|
|
What is absorbed in the JEJUNUM? What other purposes does the jejunum serve?
|
absorbs:
1. water 2. nutrients also responsible for most of digestion |
|
|
What is absorbed in the ILEUM? What other purposes does the ileium serve?
|
absorbs:
1. vit B12 also: 1. completes digestion 2. recovers bile salts |
|
|
What are the COMMON MECHANISMS of GI DISEASE?
|
"dof acid"
1. disruption 2. obstruction 3. fibrosis 4. adhesions 5. chronic inflammation 6. ischemia 7. diverticula |
|
|
What is/are the type(s) of OBSTRUCTION in the GI TRACT?
|
1. interluminal
2. intramural 3. extramural |
|
|
What special processes can contribute to FUNCTIONAL OBSTRUCTION of the gut?
|
1. volvulus
2. intussusception 3. ileus |
|
|
What is/are type(s) of DISRUPTION of the GI TRACT?
|
1. perforation
2. fistula |
|
|
What causes FIBROSIS, or scarring? What may result to do one of these?
|
ischemia; fibrosis may cause strictures with luminal narrowing and obstruction
|
|
|
What is the difference between TRUE DIVERTICULA and FALSE DIVERTICULA?
|
true = contain all the layers of the bowel wall
false = consists of mucosa and submucosa |
|
|
How can PAIN be assessed?
|
"O-P-Q-R-S-T"
1. onset 2. provactive/palliative factors 3. quality 4. radiation; relationship 5. site; severity 6. Timing |
|
|
What are KEY SYMPTOMS of GI DISORDERS?
|
1. fever
2. fatigue 3. appetite (anorexia) 4. weight loss 5. dysphagia 6. pyrosis (heartburn) 7. hoarseness 8. chronic cough 9. pain (chest of abd) 10. jaundice 11. nausea/vomiting 12. diarrhea 13. constipation 14. bloating 15. flatulence 16. hematochezia or melena 17. hematemesis |
|
|
What are the different types of INTESTINAL PAIN?
|
1. intestinal colic (small intestinal colic and colin colic)
2. intestinal obstruction 3. perotineal inflammation |
|
|
What are the different types of GALLBLADDER and BILIARY PAIN?
|
1. biliary colic
2. inflammed gallbladder 3. pancreatic pain |
|
|
What are the different types of ABDOMINAL PAIN?
|
1. severe acute abd pain
2. chronic abd pain 3. |
|
|
What are some things to be concerned about regarding the GI TRACT?
|
1. globus sensation
2. loss of appetite 3. nausea and vomiting 4. regurgitation 5. water brash 6. pyrosis 7. dyspepsia 8. jaundice 9. ascites 10. gas/bloating 11. bleeding 12. dysphasia 13. abnormal bowel habits 14. rectal symptoms 15. weight loss |
|
|
heartburn
|
PYROSIS
|
|
|
painful digestion
|
DYSPEPSIA
|
|
|
belching
|
AEROPHAGIA
|
|
|
What are possible causes of CONSTIPATION?
|
1. dehydration
2. stool remaining too long in colon 3. immobility of gut due to diminished food intake or medications |
|
|
What are possible causes of DIARRHEA?
|
1. malabsorption
2. bacteral toxins 3. mucosal damage 4. accelerated intestinal transit |
|
|
What are some RECTAL SYMPTOMS of concern?
|
1. tenesmus
2. constant anal pain 3. tearing pain on defecation 4. pruritis ani |
|
|
What things should be considered when abnormal weight loss is discovered?
|
1. thyrotoxicosis
2. TB 3. diabetes 4. cancer 5. anxiety 6. eating d/o 7. malabsorption |
|
|
What are the types of DIAGONSTIC TESTING used for GI disorders?
|
1. esophogogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
2. endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) 3. colonoscopy 4. flexible sigmoidoscopy 5. rigid endoscopes 6. CXR 7. abdo XRay 8. upper GI series 9. lower GI series 10. angiography 11. ultrasound 12. computed tomography 13. MRI 14. HIDA scan |
|
|
What is ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY used for?
|
to discover reason for:
1. swallowing difficulties 2. nausea 3. vomiting 4. reflux 5. bleeding 6. indigestion 7. abdominal pain 8. chest pain |
|
|
What is ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY used for?
|
detect problems of the:
1. liver 2. gallbladder 3. bile ducts 4. pancreas also used to detect reason for: 5. jaundice 6. upper abdo pain 7. unexplained weight loss |
|
|
What is COLONOSCOPY used for?
|
to detect causes of:
1. unexplained bowel changes 2. cancer 3. abnormal growths 4. ulcers 5. bleeding |
|
|
What is FLEXIBLE SIGMOIDOSCOPY used for?
|
to detect causes of:
1. diarrhea 2. abdo pain 3. constipation 4. cancer 5. abnormal growths 6. ulcers 7. bleeding |
|
|
What are the types of RIGID ENDOSCOPES? What are they used for?
|
1. anoscope -- anal canal
2. proctoscope -- rectum |
|
|
What is a CXR used for?
|
to detect:
1. pneumothorax 2. pneumomediastinum |
|
|
Air fluid levels of an abdominal x-ray can indicate what?
|
1. obstruction
2. ileus |
|
|
What is more accurate that an UPPER GI SERIES?
|
upper endoscopy
|
|
|
What is ANGIOGRAPHY used for?
|
localize site of bleeding or occlusion of vessel
|
|
|
What diagnostic tool is associated with the injection of contrast dye into the blood vessels that supply the organs of the abdomen?
|
angiography
|
|
|
What diagnostic tool is best used in looking at the liver and pancreas?
|
CT
|
|
|
What do the elderly and diabetics need prior to testing with contrast dye in CT?
|
serum creatinine
|
|
|
What diagnostic tool is best used with soft tissues? with solid tissues?
|
MRI; CT
|
|
|
radionuclide scan
|
HIDA scan (hydroxyiminodiacetic acid)
|
