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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the most common cause of ulcers? (bug)
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h pylori
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describe h pylori
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gram - rod that has flagella at one end
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what are some virulent factors of h pylori
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urease, CagA, VacA, phospholipase A, adhesions, and flagella.
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what is the function of urease that is made by h pylori?
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converts urea to CO2 and ammonia
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what type of secretion does h pylori use?
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type 4
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what virulent factor is injected via type 4 secretion of h pylori?
what does this casue |
CagA
causes disruption of the tight junction, derrangment of the cytoskeleton, and stimulates inflam response via IL-8 |
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where in the gut does h pylori colonize?
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mucous layer
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how do ulcers form due to h pylori?
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it causes an increase in pepsinogen and acid production that erodes into the stomach wall.
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what is the inflam cell that is seen in the acute infection/ ulcer phase?
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PMN
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what cells appear in a chonic infeciton of H pylori?
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lymphocytes and plasma cells.
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how do you get h pylori (3)
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mom to kid
contaminated foods/water contaminated body fluids |
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what type of ulcer is relieved by eating?
relieved by fasting? |
duodenal
gastric hence duodenal ulcers have nocturnal pain. |
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what are some signs of an ulcer?
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pain upon eating, pain 2-3 hours after a meal, nocturnal pain, pain relieved by antacids.
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what does the virulence factor VacA do for h pylori? (2)
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forms pores in the host cell membrane
targets the mitocondria to induce apoptosis. |
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what are 2 ways to dx h pylori?
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CUBT- urea 13 test
Fecal test |
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how does the CUBT work?
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urea13 is used and you look for the breakdown product of CO2 13.
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how do the fecal test for h pylori work?
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using a monoclonal Ab for h pylori.
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how do s. aureus, b cereus, and c botulinum cause food poisoning?
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toxins formed prior to ingestion
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what is the toxin that s. aureus makes that can cause food poisoning
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staph enterotoxin (SE)
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describe s aureas
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gram + cocci
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describe b cereus
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gram + rod that is an aerobic spore former
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describe c botulinum
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gram + rod that is anaerobic and spore former
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what is the most common cause of food poisoning in the US?
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s. aureus.
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are the SE produced by S. aureas superantigens?
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yes
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what is a superantigen?
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antigen that activates T-cells and causes a massive release of cytokines.
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describe SE that are made by S aureus
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resistant to gut enzymes and low pH and heat stable.
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what are 2 kinds of food that SE may be found in?
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dairy products and processed meats
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how do SE cause food posining?
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they act on the CTZ in the gut that activates the vomit centers in the reticular formation.
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what is the time frame of ingestion and start to vomit for SEs?
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2-6 hrs.
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what food is b cereus assoicated with?
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cooked rice
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b cereus toxin activates what receptor
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AC
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is b cereus food poisoning common in the US?
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no
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what toxin does c botulinum prod?
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botulinum toxin
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how does boltulinum toxin cause food poisoning?
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blocks the release of ACH from alpha motor neurons that causes paralysis
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is boltulisum toxin considered a neurotoxin?
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yes
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in adults, what causes the symptoms of botulism?
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the botulism toxin
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in babies, what causes floppy baby syndrome?
food? |
ingestion of botulism spores that germinate and release exotoxin
seen with honey |
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how does C. tetani causes muscle contraction?
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tetanus toxin gets into CNS via retrograde and blocks the release of inhibitory NT GABA and glycine. this causes continual muscle contraction.
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How can you prevent tetani infection?
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DTaP and a booster every 10 yrs
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S. typhi can infect the gallbladder and become a persistant infection and the person becomes a carrier
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blank
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what is the primary cause of choleocystitis?
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gallstones
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