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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"Apple core" lesion seen on barium swallow xray. CEA tumor marker.
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Colorectal CA
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Autosomal dominant mutation of APC gene on chromosome 5q. 2-hit hypothesis. Thousands of polyps, pancolonic, always involving rectum.
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FAP
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CRC with osseous and soft tissue tumors, retinal hyperplasia.
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Gardner's Syndrome
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CRC with possible brain involvement (glioblastoma)
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Turcot's Syndrome
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Mutations of DNA repair genes. ~80% progress to CRC. Proximal colon always involved.
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HNPCC or Lynch Syndrome
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Benign polyposis syndrome, not associated with increased risk of CRC. However increased risk of other visceral malignancies (breast, stomach, ovary).
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Peutz-Jeghers
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Mildly decreased UDP-glucuronyl transferase. Asymptomatic. Elevated unconjugated bilirubin without over hemolysis. Associated with stress.
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Gilbert's Syndrome
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Absent UDP-glucuronyl transferase. Presents early in life; patients die within a few years. Findings: jaundice, kernicterus (bilirubin deposition in brain), increased unconj bilirubin. Treatment: plasmapharesis and phototherapy
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Criggler-Najjar Syndrome, Type I
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Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to defective liver excretion. Grossly black liver. Benign.
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Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
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What liver condition responds to phenobarbital?
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Criggler-Najjar Syndrome, Type II
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Syndrome similar to Dubin-Johnson but even milder and does not cause black liver.
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Rotor's Syndrome
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Mech of what class of drugs? Reversible block of histamine H2 receptors-->decrease H+ secretion by parietal cells
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H2 blocker
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Mech of what class of drugs? Irreversibly inhibit H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells.
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PPI
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Mech of what class of drugs? Bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection, and allow HCO3- secretion to reestablish pH gradient in the mucus layer.
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Bismuth, sucralfate
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Mech of what class of drugs? A PGE1 analog, increases production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier, decreased acid production.
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Misoprostol
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Mech of what class of drugs? Block M1 receptors on ECL cells (decr histamine secretion) and M3 receptors on parietal cells (decr H+ secretion)
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Muscarinic antagonists
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Mech of what drug? A monoclonal Ab to TNF-alpha, a proinflammatory cytokine.
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Infliximab
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Mech of what drug? A combination of sulfapyridine (antibacterial) and mesalamine (anti-inflammatory). Activated by colonic bacteria.
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Sulfasalazine
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Mech of what drug? 5-HT3 antagonist. Powerful central-acting antiemetic.
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Ondanestron
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Mech of what drug? Acts through serotonin receptors to incr ACh release at the myenteric plexus. Incr esophageal tone, incr gastric and duodenal contractility, improving transit time.
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Cisapride
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Mech of what drug? D2 receptor antagonist. Incr resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility. Does not increase transit time through colon.
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Metoclopramide
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