Gi Nursing

Front 1

______ is the chief coenzyme of gastric juice, which converts proteins into proteases and peptones.

Back 1

Pepsin

Front 2

_______ digests starch to maltose

Back 2

Amylase

Front 3

______ reduces maltose to monosaccharide glucose

Back 3

Maltase

Front 4

_______ splits lactose into galactose and glucose

Back 4

Lactase

Front 5

_______ reduces sucrose to fructose and glucose.

Back 5

Sucrase

Front 6

_______ split nucleic acids to nucleotides

Back 6

Nucleases

Front 7

________ activates trypsinogen to trypsin

Back 7

Enterokinase

Front 8

The largest gland in the body

Back 8

Liver

Front 9

Liver removes excess _____ and ______ acids from the portal blood.

Back 9

glucose & amino acids

Front 10

How much blood does the liver store and filter?

Back 10

200-400mL of blood stored

Front 11

Liver synthesizes ______, amino acids, and fats

Back 11

insulin

Front 12

What vitamins does the liver store?

Back 12

A, D, B and iron

Front 13

______ stores and concentrates bile and contracts to force bile into the duodenum during the digestion of fats

Back 13

Gallbladder

Front 14

______ secretes sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the acidity of the stomach contents that enter the duodenem.

Back 14

Pancrease

Front 15

Pancreatic juices contain ______ for digesting carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Back 15

enzymes

Front 16

Upper GI Tract Study: (Barium Swallow) Examination of the upper GI tract under floreoscopy after the clinet drinks barium sulfate

Back 16

NPO after midnight the day of test. Postprocedure=A laxative is prescribed. Stools appear white/chalky

Front 17

Lower GI tract Study (barium enema) Fluroscopic and radiographic examination of the large intestine is preformed after rectal instillation of barium sulfate

Back 17

Pre-procedure=A low-residue diet is given 1-2 days before the test. A clear liquid diet and laxative are given the evening before the test. NPO after midnight day of. Cleansing enema morning of test. Postprecedure=increase fluids. Administer laxative. Monitor stools for barium.

Front 18

Upper Gastrointestinal fiberoscopy EGD=following sedation and endoscope is passed down the esophagus to view the gastric wall, sphincers and duodenum, tissue specimens can be obtained.

Back 18

NPO 6-12 hours before test. Local anesthetic spray or gargle may be used. IV midazolam (Versed) just before the scope is inserted. Client positioned on left side. Post-precedure=NPO until gag reflex returns (1-2 hours)

Front 19

Cholecystography=performed to detect gallstones and assess the ability of the gallbladder to fill, concentrate its contents, contract and empty

Back 19

Assess for allergies to iodine or seafood

Front 20

An increase in cholesterol level indicates_______ or biliary obstruction

Back 20

pancreatitis

Front 21

An increase in bilirubin level indicates ________ or biliary obstruction

Back 21

liver damage

Front 22

Increased values for amylase and lipase levels indicates _________

Back 22

pancreatitis

Front 23

Auscultate bowel sounds before percussion and

Back 23

palpation

Front 24

Normal bowel sounds occur 5-30 times a minute or, every ____-____ seconds.

Back 24

5 to 15

Front 25

Listen at least _____ minutes in each quadrant before assuming bowel sounds are absent

Back 25

5 minutes

Front 26

GERD-gastroesophageal reflux is the backflow of gastric and duodenal contents into the esophagus. Caused by incompetent lower esophageal sphincter, pyloric stenosis, or motility disorder

Back 26

Assessment: Pyloris, Dyspepsia, Regurgitation, Pain and difficulty with swallowing, Hypersalivation.

Front 27

GERD Interventions: Eat low fat, high fiber diet and avoid caffeine, tobacco and carobnated bevs.

Back 27

Avoid eating/drinking 2 hours before bed. Elevate HOB 6-8 inches. Avoid the use of anticholinergics, which delay stomach emptying.

Front 28

Portion of the stomach herniates through the diaphragm and into the thorax

Back 28

hiatal hernia

Front 29

Hiatal hernia results from weakening of the muscles of the diaphragm and is aggravated by factors that increase abdominal pressure such as pregnancy, ascites, obesity, tumors and heavy lifting.

Back 29

Assessment: Heartburn, Regurgitation or vomitting, Dysphagia, Feeling of Fullness. Interventions: Small frequent meals. Limit amount of liquid w/ meals. Avoid anticholinergics which delay stomach emptying.

Front 30

Inflammation of the stomach or gastric mucosa

Back 30

Gastritis

Front 31

caused by the ingestion of food contaminated with disease causing microorganisms or food that is irritating or too highly seasoned, overuse of asprin or other NSAID's, excessive alcohol intake, bile reflux or radiation therapy

Back 31

Acute Gastritis

Front 32

caused by benighn or malignant ulcers or by the bacteria H. pyloria and also may be caused by autoimmune diseases, dietary factors, medications, alcohol, smoking or reflux

Back 32

Chronic gastritis

Front 33

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)=ulceration in the mucosal wall of the stomach, pylorus, duodemun, or esophagus in portions accessible to gastric secretions, erosions may extend through the muscle.

Back 33

Stress, smoking, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, alcohol, hx, infection with h. pylori. Interventions: small frequent meals, H2-receptors decrease secretion of gastric acid, antacids to neutralize gastric secretions. Anticholinergics reduce gastric motility, Mucosal barrier 1 hour prior to meal, prostaglandins

Front 34

Removal of the stomach with attachment of the esophagus to the jejunum or duodenum;

Back 34

gastrectomy

Front 35

surgical division of the vagus nerve to eliminate the vagal impulses that stimulate hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach

Back 35

Vagotomy

Front 36

Removal of the lower half of the stomach and usually includes a vagotomy; also called antrectomy

Back 36

Gastric resection

Front 37

Partial gastrectomy, with the remaining segment anastomosed to the duodenum

Back 37

Billroth I

Front 38

Partial gastrectomy with the remaining segment anastomosed to the jejunum

Back 38

Billroth II

Front 39

Enlargement of the pylorus to prevent or decrease pyloric obstruction, thereby enhancing gastric emptying

Back 39

Pyloroplasty

Front 40

the rapid emptying of the gastric contents into the small intestine that occurs following gastric resection

Back 40

Dumping Syndrome

Front 41

Foods rich in B12

Back 41

Brewer's yeast, Citrus Fruits, Dried beans, Green leafy vegetables, Liver, Nuts, Organ Meats

Front 42

Consistency of Stool: Ascending colon

Back 42

Liquid

Front 43

Consistency of Stool: Transverse colon

Back 43

semiformed

Front 44

Consistency of Stool descending colon

Back 44

close to normal

Front 45

an inflammatory disease that can occur anywhere in the GI tract but most often affects the terminal ileum and leads to thickening and scarring, a narrow lumen, fistulas, ulcerations, and abscesses

Back 45

Chron's Disease

Front 46

an outpouching or herniation of the intestinal mucosa. The disorder can occur in any part of the intestine but is most common in the sigmoid colon

Back 46

Diverticulosis

Front 47

the inflammation of one or more diverticula that occurs from penetration of fecal matter through the thin-walled diverticula; it can resuls in local abscess formation and perforation

Back 47

Diverticulitis -Left lower quadrant abdominal pain that increases with coughing, straining or lifting. Palpable, tender rectal mass. Blood in the stools.

Front 48

occurs because the liver is unable to metabolize bilirubin and because the edema, fibrosis, and scarring of the hepatic bile ducts interfere with normal bile and bilirubin secretion

Back 48

Jaundice

Front 49

Cholecystitis-inflammation of the gallbladder that may occur as an acute or chronic process-Gallstones

Back 49

Epigastric pain that radiates to the scapula 2-4 hours after eating fatty foods.

Front 50

Cannot take a deep breath when the examiner's fingers are passed below the hepatic margin because of pain. Associated with gallbladder inspection

Back 50

Murphy's sign

Front 51

One major sign of Duodenal ulcer

Back 51

Pain is releived upon ingestion of food. Burning pain so severe 1-3 hours after meal, often wakes client in sleep.

Front 52

bowel protrudes through the stoma

Back 52

prolapsed stoma

Front 53

sinking of the stoma

Back 53

stoma retraction

Front 54

dusky bluish colored stoma

Back 54

ischemia of the stoma

Front 55

stoma with a narrow opening at the level of the skin or fascia is said to be

Back 55

stenosed

Front 56

Ammonia is formed as a product of protein metabolism. Clients with _____ ______ have high serum ammonia levels, which are responsible for their symptoms.

Back 56

hepatic encephalopathy