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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In the oral cavity, do you find predominately anaerobes or aerobes?
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Predominantly colonized with anaerobes (10-100:1 compared to aerobes)
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review: which bacteria looks like Chinese letters?
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Corynebacterium (associated with Diphtheria, can cause the throat to swell up completely, emergency)
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what 2 bugs are found commonly on the tongue?
(not sure how important this is) |
streptococcus and veillonella
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what bugs inhabit gingivial sulcus
(not sure how important this is) |
spirochetes, fusobacterium
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what coats the surface of the tooth that allows for dental plaque deveoplement?
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Pellicle formation
bacteria then attach and slime layer forms |
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above the level of the gums (supragingival plaque) "young" plaque is typically what? how about old?
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Young supragingival plaque:
Mainly Gram-pos cocci and rods Aged supragingival plaque Increase Gram-neg anaerobic bacteria |
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you start culturing a specimen that is cytochrome oxidase negative, superoxide disumutase negative, and catalase negative...what kind of bug are you growing
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Anaerobic bug
note: Low oxidation-reduction potential Eh = 0 to -300 mv |
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what type of organisms are found in the stomach?
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mostly streptococci (must be acid tolerant)
note: there are a low number of bugs in the stomach in general because of the acid in the gut |
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what type of bug are in the Lower GI tract? how many different species are there?
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anaerobic (1000:1 compared to aerobes)
>1000 different species Bacteroides Bifidobacteria Streptococci Clostridia Eubacteria |
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in what part of the GI tract to anaerobes dominate?
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lower portion (ilieum/colon)
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Major beneficial effects of GI microflora? 4
objective |
Occupy tissue receptors and utilize nutrients – limits colonization by pathogens
Produce inhibitors (bacteriocins) and antibiotics Can help assimilate ruffage due to glycosidase production (without the bacteria, we won't absorb as many nutrients) Synthesize vitamins and growth factors (B complex, K, and E) |
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how do GI microflora reinforce body defense?
* |
Reinforce body defense by stimulating the proliferation of antibody producing tissue and differentiation of T cells
so you HAVE to be exposed to bacteria in order to fight it off, but must be at the appropriate time we probably keep our young too clean |
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Bacteroides fragilis has a polysaccharide (PSac) that is important for what?
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Helps to develop normal CD4 T cells and lymphoid architecture as well as normal development of the thymus with normal T-cell precursors
Note: it doesn't have to be this one bug, the idea is that exposure to bugs helps develop the proper immune system |
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3 major harmful effects of GI microflora?
objective |
1.In absence of fermentable carbohydrates (malnutrition) they use up the hosts vitamins, i.e. ascorbic and nicotinic acids
2.Common source of infection in other sites (if they get out of the gut, etc) 3.Source of carcinogens - greatest during stasis, i.e. colon cancer |
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what are probiotics? what 2 are commonly used? what can they help with?
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Dietary supplements containing potentially beneficial microorganisms, commonly Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium species
Improved weight gain in infants Shortened episodes of acute diarrhea Prevented antibiotic associated diarrhea Treated Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea Alleviated symptoms of lactose intolerance Results of treatment for Traveler’s diarrhea have been mixed |
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infectobesity showed that what bug can be associated with obesity
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adenovirus
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what is the hardest substance in the body?
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enamel
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how do you get the formation of a dental carry? (carry=cavity)
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Salivary glycoproteins → pellicle → plaque → cariogenic plaque (Streptococcus mutans) → carries
in essence you lower the pH and lead to enamel demineralization |
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dental carries can lead to what?
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Carries → enamel → dentin → dental pulp (usually requires root canal or extraction)
Infected pulp → apical foreman → alveolar bone (periapical osteitis) or acute apical abscess so in essence you get an abscess at the base of the tooth, that leads to cell destruction, pus formation and swelling (PAIN) |
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A generalized, chronic, inflammatory condition affecting tissues that support the teeth..what is this? Due to?
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Gingivitus
Due to accumulation of dental plaque between the gums and teeth |
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Generalized, chronic inflammation of the peridontal ligament and alveolar bone...what is this? What type of bug will you see? what does this often lead to?
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Periodontitis
Shift from predominantly Gram positive organisms → Gram negative anaerobes in gingival sulcus Major cause of tooth loss for adults |
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pt has white patches adherent to the oral mucosa...what is going on? cause? predisposing factors (he said one in particular)
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Candidiasis (thrush)
Candida albicans Predisposing: Antiboitics (knocks out normal oral flora which prevents thrush); immunosuppression |
