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6 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Salmonella enterica
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DOC = None (self-limiting)
Causes food infection (not poisoning) Large amount required for infection unless on antacids incubation period followed by vomiting, diarrhea, abdomina pain Virulence Factors: 1.) Enterotoxin - increases cAMP (like Cholera) 2.) Cytotoxin - inhibits protein synthesis |
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Salmonella enterica Typhi
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DOC = Fluoroquinolone or ceftriaxone
Causes Typhoid fever after ingestion of human fecal material Long incubation pd. (1-3 weeks) Presents w/ "Rose Spots" (faint rash), enlarged spleen, abdominal pain. NO diarrhea High infectious dose required to survive stomach acid Invade M cells causing membrane ruffling to get in. Travel in lysosomal vesicles and get to small intestine Primary bacteremia - Salmonella into blood, ingested by macrophages, carried to liver and multiply Continuous bacterema - multiplying bacteria released into bloodstream to allow re-infection PhoP/PhoQ regulated virulence |
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Shigella dysenteriae
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DOC = Fluroquinolone, but self limiting
Caused by eating contaminated food Bloody Diarrhea, Tenesmus (painful stools) caused by dmage to colonic mucosa (no invasion into blood stream) Acid resistant cells ("Shigella Shig off acid") - invade M cells - invoke endocytosis by epithelial cells - quickly escape phagocytic vacuole, enter cytoplams and multiply Virulence Factors: 1.) Ipa - invasion of epithelial lining (Type III secretion) 2.) Acid Resistance - causes high infectivity 3.) Shiga toxin - Inactivates 60S ribosomal subunit which stops protein synthesis. Leads to diarrhea by blocking adsorption and killing epithelial cells = blood in stools |
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Vibrio cholerae
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DOC = IV fluids
Cause Cholera - "rice-water stools" Comma shaped, oxidase positive Fluid & electrolyte loss leads to metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia Virulence Factors: 1.) Tcp Pili - helps in penetration of intestinal mucosa 2.) Cholera toxin - ADP-robosylation of Gs = increased cAMP = Na & Cl excretion and outpouring of fluids |
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Campylobacter jejuni
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DOC = None (self-limiting)
Causes inflammatory dysentery after eating contaminated food Reservoir in GI tract of animals Virulence Factors: 1.) Enterotoxin - heat labile, activates adenylate cyclase = increased cAMP = diarrhea 2.) Cytotoxin - causes inflammatory symptoms seen 3.) Adhesin - attachment to intestinal mucosa of small intestin |
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Helicobacter pylori
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DOC = Omeprazole + clarithromycin + amoxicillin
Bismuth salts also help Gram (-) microaerophile Causes chronic gastritis w/ chronic abdominal pain, nausea, halitosis (from urease) Diagnosed w/ breath test to detect urease or endoscopic exam Chronic infection can lead to cancer Virulence Factors: 1.) Urease - converts urea to ammonia and CO2 creating an alkaline env. so organism can survive acidic stomach env. |
