Gero Final Musculoskeletal

Front 1

What are two fall assessments?

Back 1

timed up and go test
Morse Fall Scale

Front 2

What are the implications (consequences) of falls?

Back 2

fractures, lacerations/bruising, hospitalizatoin, fear

Front 3

What are intrinsic risk factors for falls?

Back 3

vestibular changes, proprioception, vision, cognitive, musculoskeletal function

Front 4

What are extrinsic factors for falls?

Back 4

environmental, medications, restraints/bedrails

Front 5

What are some interventions/prevention tips for falls?

Back 5

modify the environment
evaluate balance and gait
review medications
develop a fall prevention plan

Front 6

What are the two types of restraints

Back 6

phsyical and chemical

Front 7

What are risk factors for developing osteoporosis?

Back 7

female gender, increasing age, family history, white or asian race, small stature, early menopause or oophorectomy, sedentary lifestyles, insufficient calcium or vitamin D intake, smoking, alcohol, anorexia

Front 8

What are signs and symptoms of osteoporosis?

Back 8

"Silent disease"
fractures, back pain, loss of hieght, kyphosis, stooped posture

Front 9

What are nonpharmacological treatments for osteoporosis?

Back 9

nutrition, calcium supplementation, exercise, prevent falls

Front 10

What are pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis?

Back 10

Calcitonin
Bisphosphonates (fosamax, boniva)
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (evista)

Front 11

What is the number one chronic complaint among the elderly?

Back 11

arthritis

Front 12

What is osteoarthritis?

Back 12

joint failure syndrome
*characterized by deterioration of the cartilage at the ends of the bones.

Front 13

what are risk factors for osteoarthritis?

Back 13

obesity, strenuous exercise, genetic factors, aging

Front 14

What are Heberden's nodes?

Back 14

the first finger joint

Front 15

What are bouchards nodes?

Back 15

located at the second finger joint from the tip.

Front 16

What are signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis?

Back 16

heberden's nodes, bouchards nodes
pain, stiffness, aching in joints, crepitus

Front 17

What is the nonpharmacological treatment for osteoarthritis?

Back 17

rest and joint protection
heat and cold application
nutrition
exercise
complementary and alternative therapies

Front 18

What is the pharmacological tx of OA?

Back 18

Acetominophen
NSAIDS
Capsaisin cream
Intraarticular corticosteroid injections

Front 19

What is the pathology of RA?

Back 19

autoimmune, genetic

Front 20

What are signs and symptoms of RA?

Back 20

malaise, fatigue, weight loss, symmetrical patterns of joint inflammation, pain, stiffness, and swelling

Front 21

What lab values diagnose RA?

Back 21

CBC, Sed Rate (ESR), rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody (ANA), CRP

Front 22

What are medications for RA?

Back 22

DMARDS
Hydroxychloroquinine (Plaquenil)
Methotrexate
Gold Therapy
Azanthiprine (Imuran)
NSAIDS and COX-2 inhibitors
Tumor necrosing factor
corticosteroids

Front 23

What are nursing diagnoses for RA?

Back 23

acute and chronic pain
impaired mobility
disturved sleep
psychosocial adjustment: life changes
Self care: activities of daily living

Front 24

What are nursing strategies for nonpharm tx of arthritis?

Back 24

moist heat
warm paraffin wraps
stretch gloves or stockings

Front 25

Why is joint replacement done?

Back 25

due to pain and loss of mobility as a result of arthritis

Front 26

What are post operative nursing care strategies for total hip replacement'?

Back 26

leb abduction

Front 27

What is a risk after total hip replacements?

Back 27

there is a risk of dislocation for six weeks.
Avoid flexion greater than 90s degress
Adduction or internal rotation

Front 28

Why do people have amputations?

Back 28

2/3s of amputations are from circulatory problems, especially PVD realted to diabetes

Front 29

What is the goal of an amputee program?

Back 29

to provide knowledge, skills, and attitude necessary for physical and emotional adjustment and to help the patient acheive self-care at home and in the community.

Front 30

What is osteomalacia?

Back 30

softening of the bones due t a lack of vitamin D or a problem with the body's ability ot break down and use this vitamin.

Front 31

How is osteomalacia diagnosed?

Back 31

decreased calcium or phosphate levels
decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D
elevated alkaline phosphatase

*xrays show generalized bone demineralization and/or bone deformity

Front 32

What are interventions for osteomalacia?

Back 32

vitamin D
sun exposure
exercise

Front 33

What is osteomyelitis?

Back 33

an acute or chronic bone infection

Front 34

What is a main complication of a long bone fracture?

Back 34

fat embolism

Front 35

What is compartment syndrome?

Back 35

decreased tissue perfusion in the muscles is less than required for tissue viability

Front 36

What is skin traction?

Back 36

traction is applied to underlying skeletal system using adhesive materials or by encircling the body with a corset, halter, or sling

Front 37

What is bucks traction?

Back 37

skin traction exerted by a straight pull in one or both legs. traction is applied using a prefabricated boot

Front 38

What is cervical traction?

Back 38

tarction applied via a head halter to treat muscle strain, sprain, and spasm

Front 39

What is pelvic traction?

Back 39

application of a belt above and encircling the iliac crests ot apply traction to the lumbar spine

Front 40

What is skeletal traction

Back 40

Surgical insertion of metal wires (Kirschner wires) or pins through bones (steinmen pins) or by anchoring metal tongs (crutchfield) in the skull