Geology Final

Front 1

Ores

Back 1

Rocks with high metal content

Front 2

How do we extract mineral resources and what are the drawbacks?

Back 2

minerals= mined rocks= quarried

drawbacks= mine run-off, ground water contamination, acid rain

Front 3

Hydrolic Cycle

Back 3

circulation of earth water supply (water cycle)

Front 4

How do streams erode, transport, deposit sediment?

Back 4

Erosion= gravity makes water move, decrease in velocity causes sediment dump

Front 5

Characteristic landforms of stream systems? How do they form/change?

Back 5

valleys/canyons= land cut by stream

rapids/waterfalls= rough water (large debris)

braided= stream divided due to sediment in between floods

meandering= wonders at will (natural)

Front 6

Different types of floods?

Back 6

seasonal floods=gradually covers flood plain

flash floods= quick rise in stream water level

Front 7

human effect on rivers?

Back 7

urbanization, agriculture, dam construction, overuse

Front 8

major features of ocean floor?

Back 8

continental shelf, continental slope, abyssal plain, seamonts, canyon

Front 9

Salinity patterns in ocean?

Back 9

depends on location and temperature

Front 10

Ocean Currents

Back 10

surface currents= driven by wind affected by Coriolis effect

deep currents= downwelling, upwelling caused by density

Front 11

what causes tides?

Back 11

larger tidal bridge is on side closest to the moon

Front 12

Types of waves? wave actions?

Back 12

open ocean waves= energy moves forward, water stays put

breaker ( friction b/w wave and ocean floor), refraction, currents

Front 13

types of coastlines? why do they form the way they do?

Back 13

beach, tidal flat, rocky coast, fjords, coastal wetlands, coral reef, estuaries

*all depends on tectonic setting, sea level, sediment supply and climate

Front 14

what do humans do to stabilize coastlines?

Back 14

groin, jetty, breakwater, rip rap, beach nourishment

Front 15

good aquifer characteristics

Back 15

allows water to flow

Front 16

how does groundwater move? how is movement affected by different sediment?

Back 16

hydraulic cycle; depending on sediment size it can be underground for months or thousands of years

Front 17

how do humans access groundwater?

Back 17

we get water from aquifers through the use of wells

Front 18

geyser components

Back 18

water supply, heat source, plumbing system

Front 19

how can groundwater become contaminated?

Back 19

septic tanks, farm runoff, mine runoff, storage tanks, industrial, land fill

Front 20

what influences groundwater quality?

Back 20

"soft" water- salt

"hard" water- calcium/magnesium

Front 21

geologic features created by groundwater and how they form?

Back 21

caves=limestone in acidic rain

stalactite= not hollow, water drips off (icicle)

stalagmites= mound on floor of cave

Front 22

5 types of deserts and why they form the way they do

Back 22

subtropical, rain shadow, coastal, continental inferior and polar desert (depends on global air circulation)

Front 23

erosion in desert

Back 23

water= biggest eroded

wind erosion

Front 24

How sediment is transported and deposited in desert?

Back 24

alluvial fan= big pile of loose sediment

talus apron= pile of debris

salt lake= water collects then evaporates

playa= dry lake bed

dunes

Front 25

geological landscape associated with the desert

Back 25

meson= flat top mountain

buttes= eroded meson

chimneys= erosion of buttes

Front 26

how is desertification caused?

Back 26

deforestation, overgrazing, agriculture, water mismanagement, drought

Front 27

types of glaciers

Back 27

mountain temperate

continental polar

*but no continental temperate

Front 28

what causes glaciers to advance or retreat?

Back 28

amount of snow and summer temperature

Front 29

how do glaciers erode sediment and create what landforms?

Back 29

erode=incorporation, plucking, bulldozing

(Arete, horn, u-shaped valley, hanging valley, fjords)

deposition

(moraine, till, eratics, glacial marine, loess, varves)

Front 30

global consequences from glaciers

Back 30

ice loading and global rebound (isostasy)

Front 31

how do geologist know about glaciation?

Back 31

TILL DEPOSITS, pollen and fossils

Front 32

Why is new orleans sinking?

Back 32

because of human activity w/ wetland removal, artificial levees, extracting groundwater (its a flood plain)

Front 33

c

Scientific Method

Back 33

hypothesis= has explanatory power (question that can be tested)

theory= widely accepted explanation

Front 34

c

major rock types

Back 34

igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic(next to volcanoes/mtn range)

Front 35

c

when scientist write grants who do they have to convince?

Back 35

other scientist because it is part of the peer review process

Front 36

c

what do geologist study?

Back 36

all parts of the earth

Front 37

c

why is geology important? (in bama)

Back 37

to understand how the earth works because everything we have is either mined or farmed (bama= coal, petroleum, oil and natural gas)

Front 38

c

earth history and how do we know?

Back 38

earth= 4.6 billion

universe= 13.7 billion

we know because of numerical and relative dating

Front 39

c

major fossil fuel energy sources? how do we get them? how are they formed?

Back 39

coal, oil and natural gas

oil/gas= drill/pump coal=mine

oil/gas= from plankton coal= from carbon and old plants

Front 40

c

precambrian

Back 40

1 hadean eon

2 archean eon

Front 41

c

phanerzoic

Back 41

3 prerozoic era (longest)

4 palezoic era

5 mesozoic era

6 cenozoic era