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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many seismograghs are needed to loccate an earthquake?
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3
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Where is the young rock located in a syncline rock?
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in middle
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When the young rock is located on top, what type of syncline is it?
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anticline
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What are countour lines?
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lines of elevation on map
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What is porosity?
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the open space ground water can get into (the volume of open spaces in rock or soil)
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The measure of materialsability to transmit water is called the what?
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permeability
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The location below the water table is called...?
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the zone of saturation
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This is located above the water table...?
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zone of aeration
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What is the water table?
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it is important in predicting the productivity of wells, explaining the changes in the flow of springs and streams
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The material's ability to transmit a fluid is called....?
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the permeability
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What is Darcey's Law?
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deals with the flow of water from the head to the low point>>>
(an equation stating that groundwater discharge depends on the hydraulic gradient, hydraulic conductivity, and cross sectional area of an aquifer) |
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What are artsian wells?
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where groundwater under pressure rises above the level of the aquifer
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Impermeable layers that hinder or prevent water movement are called?
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auitards
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Permeable rock strata or sediment or sediment that transmit groundwater freely are called ....?
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aquifers
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The hydrolic gradient determines what?
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what direction the water flows
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What are the characteristic of a glacier?
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erosional and drumline
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What are the 7 characteristics of an erosional feature?
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horns, arete, u- valley, hanging valley, cirques, truncated spurs, and roche moutonnee
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What are the characteristics of glacial deposits from ice?
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till, moraine, and drumlins
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What are the characteristics of water-laid deposits?
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eskers, deltas, outwash, stratified drift
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What was the Milankovitch theory?
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he worked out mathmatics of precession idea/ demonstrated glacier cylce (periods of hot and cold summers)
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What are P-waves?
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where waves can travel through solids, liquids , and gasses. it more of a push- pull motion
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What are S-waves?
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a seismic wave that can only go through solids.
(its motion is more like a if a rope is fastened at one end and shook at the other) |
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Where do earthquakes occur?
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at different boudaries (anywhere) *usually not in the middle
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Where do the deepest earthquakes occur?
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in trenches/ where there is convergence (subduction zone)
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Where do the shallow earthquakes occur?
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anywhere
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What happens to P-waves when they hit the core?
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they slow up and bend into the core
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What are 3 evidences that plates have moved around?
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jigsaw puzzle, reptiles/mesosaurs, and glacial evidence
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What did the magnetic poles position tell us?
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that they diverged b/c the ocean was moving apart
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What type of magnet drives the earth?
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electromagnets
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What is the lithosphere?
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it is a rigid thickness of rockthat includes the upper mantle and the crust
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What layer is below the lithosphere?
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asthenosphere
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What are the 4 characteristics of divergent margins?
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tension spreading, ridges, rifts, and shallow earthquakes
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What are the 9 characteristics of convergent margins?
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compression, subduction, trenches, folded and volcanic mountains, island arcs, andes, japan, and himalayan mountains
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What is angular unconformity?
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an unconformity in which the older strata dip at an angele from that of the younger beds.
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What differences does the solar system have?
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difference is between the innerand outer planets
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What type of magents are rocks?
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permanent magnets
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What is meant by the 7 1/2 minute quad rency?
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it is the degree of longitude and latitude. >>>it is the measure in degree terms or angles from the center to the top.
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What are the sequence of events for angular unconformity?
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1. erosion
2. subsides (uplifted) 3. folded |
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How many million years had it been leading up to the Precambrian age?
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540 yrs
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How many years had it been, leading up to the mesozoic yr?
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about 248- 250yrs
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How many years had it been leading up to the mesozoic- cenozoic?
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65 million yrs
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What type of planets are rocky and small?
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inner planets
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What type of planets are large and gas rich?
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outer planets
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What are the names of the 4 planets that make up the inner planets?
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Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
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What are the names of the 5 planets that make up the outer planets?
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Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto
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Which outer planet has a moon that rotates in a reverse direction? what is the name of that moon?
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Planet- Neptune
Moon- Triton |
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Which planet has a mooon named Charon?
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Pluto
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Which planet is made up of many small moons?
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Jupiter
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Where is the asteroid belt located?
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between mars and jupiter
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Which planet looks like it it is rolling around the sun?
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Uranus
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Which two planets have rings?
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saturn and jupiter
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In class which planet showed impact features and had wind, which in turn created dunes?
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mars
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Which way do planets normally rotate sround the sun?
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counter clockwise and very close to came plane
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What are the names of the 7-8 major and minor plates?
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-Pacific
-North America -South America -Eurasia -Africa -Australia -Antartica -nazca, Caribbean, Phillipine,Arabian |
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What leads to the spreading of the sea floor?
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magnetic stripes
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What is the curie point?
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the place where magnetism is gained or lost
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What are the densities for the inner and outer planets?
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Inner:4-5
Outer:1-2 |
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What are cirques?
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cut back into the face of mountains, like little slopes/dips
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What are horns?
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top parts(peaks) of cirques
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How do drumlins start to form?
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when glacier ice flows over it
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How was Roche mountonnee formed?
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shaped by glacier ice flowing over it...eroded
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What is Carbon-14 used for?
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used to see the age of a rock/ human artifacts
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who was the one that came up with the idea that the continents are drifting?
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Alfred Wegner
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What part of the earth do earthquakes occur?
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in the lithosphere
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What is precession?
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the angle of the tilt of earth compared to it being straight up
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What is eccentricity
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the more eliptical the earth is, the more one side is further away from the sun
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What does the pressure surface determine?
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the height to which water will rise
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What is the cone of depression?
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a depression in the water table that often forms around a pumping well
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What is wave refraction?
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a change in direction of waves as they enter shallow water
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What is the capillary fringe?
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a relatively narrow zone at the base of the zone of aeration.
*here the water rises from the water table in tiny threadlike openings between grains of soil or sediment |
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Where are most geologic names derived from?
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scientists or locations
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Which radioactive dating is used for old rocks?
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Uranium
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What is a fault?
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where they break
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What is a normal fault? reverse fault? transformed fault?
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Normal: pulling apart
Reverse: push together Transform: ridges are spreading |
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what is a mass spectrometer and seismogragh?
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Mass spectrometer: detects things in a rock (crystals, minerals, etc)
Seismogragh: reads intensity of a seismic wave (which are caused by earthquakes) |
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What is radio activity?
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where the original decays and decreases
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