Geology Exam 2

Front 1

elastic deformation

Back 1

folds. after it breaks, goes back to normal

Front 2

plastic deformation

Back 2

slow gradual process, leads to permanent fold

Front 3

seismic wave

Back 3

waves that travel through rock

Front 4

focus point

Back 4

where the earthquake starts

Front 5

epicenter

Back 5

vertical projection of the quake

Front 6

p wave (primary wave)

Back 6

4-7 mk in crust. moves through solids, liquids, and gases. spring movement

Front 7

s wave (secondary wave)

Back 7

only moves through solids 3-4 km. up and down movement

Front 8

seismograph

Back 8

measures ground shaking

Front 9

seismogram

Back 9

wiggles from quake

Front 10

mercalli scale

Back 10

based on peoples observations

Front 11

richter scale

Back 11

standardized graphs (1-10 scale)

Front 12

moment-magnitude scale

Back 12

modern scale

Front 13

time-travel curve

Back 13

can use to tell how far an earthquake happened

Front 14

arival of P and S waves

Back 14

p wave first, s wave second

Front 15

intersecting arcs

Back 15

narrows down the area of the earthquake

Front 16

strike slip fault

Back 16

happens close to surface, two plates sliding past each other

Front 17

benioff zone

Back 17

earthquake at convergent boundary 300 km

Front 18

moho disontinuity

Back 18

crust-mantle boundary

Front 19

how old are continenets

Back 19

3.9 billion years old

Front 20

no s-wave beyond what degree?

Back 20

105

Front 21

behavior of granitic magma

Back 21

high in silica and water, low in melting temp.

Front 22

behavior of basaltic magama

Back 22

low in silica and water, higher in melting temp.

Front 23

fissure eruption and type of magama

Back 23

opens up - basaltic magama

Front 24

shield volcano

Back 24

gentle/large in shape, flows basalt, wont erupt wildly

Front 25

cinder cone volcano

Back 25

steep, small, symmetrical, explosive/violent

Front 26

stratovolcano

Back 26

steep shape, erupts gas, layers of lava form hard surface

Front 27

insolation decline

Back 27

cooling- short term

Front 28

CO2 addition atmosphere

Back 28

warming- long term

Front 29

caldera

Back 29

depression that forms at surface

Front 30

anticline

Back 30

compression arch upwards

Front 31

syncline

Back 31

arching downward

Front 32

dome

Back 32

circular anticline (upward)

Front 33

basin

Back 33

circular syncline (downward)

Front 34

normal fault

Back 34

extension, distance has become larger

Front 35

reverse fault

Back 35

compression- lost horizontal space

Front 36

thrust fault

Back 36

low angle reverse fault

Front 37

strike slip fault

Back 37

rocks don't move vertically

Front 38

slip

Back 38

distance of motion

Front 39

fault zone

Back 39

numerous closely spaced fractures

Front 40

joints

Back 40

fractures without motion- decrease with depth

Front 41

orogeny

Back 41

rocks get smashed together

Front 42

island arc crust type?

Back 42

oceanic

Front 43

mountain belts

Back 43

parallel mountain ranges

Front 44

formation of himalayas plate

Back 44

indian

Front 45

rocky mountains, when did it occur

Back 45

100 mya

Front 46

two names of orogenic events

Back 46

columbia orogeny

laramide orogeny

Front 47

weathering

Back 47

decomposition of rocks

Front 48

erosion

Back 48

rocks being picked up and moved

Front 49

mechanical weathering

Back 49

any kind of physical force that decomposes rock

Front 50

pressure-release fracturing

Back 50

expands because pieces gone

Front 51

abrasion

Back 51

bumping against each other

Front 52

organic activity

Back 52

trees growing in rocks

Front 53

hydrolysis

Back 53

water gets into the rock forming a new mineral

Front 54

chemical weathering

Back 54

water, gas, anything in which chem reaction takes place

Front 55

dissolution in rock

Back 55

water attacks dissolves ex: limestone

Front 56

oxidation

Back 56

reaction w/oxygen, minerals change