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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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With each type of radioactive decay, the atomic number of the radioactive atom changes? (True or False) |
True |
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Which of the following presents the eras of the Phanerozoic eon in the correct order, from most recent to oldest? a. Mesozoic, Cenozoic, Paleozoic b. Cenozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic c. Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic d. Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic
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d. Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic |
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Within a sequence of undisturbed sedimentary rocks, the bed at the bottom can be assumed to be the oldest rock because of the law of __________. a. Superposition b. Cross-cutting relationships c. Inclusions d. unconformities
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a. Superposition |
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Atoms which have the same atomic numbers, but different mass numbers, are referred to as ________. a. Ions b. Catalysts c. Isotopes d. Variant |
c. Isotopes |
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The number of ________ in an atom gives the atom its atomic number. a. Protons b. Electrons c. Positrons d. Neutrons
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a. Protons
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________ dates pinpoint the time in history when something took place.
a. Relative b. Chronological c. Numerical |
c. Numerical |
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Collectively, the Hadean, Archean, and Proterozoic eons are often referred to as the _____________. a. Paleozoic b. Mesozoic c. Cenozoic d. Precambrian
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d. Precambrian |
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We are presently living in the _________ era. a. Hadean b. Paleozoic c. Cenozoic d. Mesozoic |
c. Cenozoic |
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Earth is approximately __________ years old. a. 4500 b. 4.5 million c. 4.5 billion d. 5.4 million |
c. 4.5 billion |
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Which one of the following is NOT used to determine relative dates? a. Superposition b. Cross-cutting c. Inclusions d. Radioactivity
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d. Radioactivity |
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When a beta particle is emitted from the nucleus of an atom. a. neutron becomes proton b. electron changes to neutron c. proton becomes an electron d. proton changes to neutron |
a. Neutron becomes proton |
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What type of uncomformity consists of folded sedimentary rocks overlain by younger, more flat-lying strata? a. Noncomformity b. Disconformity c. Angular unconformity d. Reversed conformity
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c. Angular unconformity |
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Which one of the following is NOT a type of radioactive decay? a. Alpha emission b. Beta emission c. Neutron capture d. Electron capture
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c. Neutron capture |
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On the geologic time scale, _________ represent the greatest expanses of time. a. Epochs b. Eras c. Eons d. Periods e. None of the above |
c. Eons |
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The number of protons plus neutrons in an atom's nucleus is the atom's _________ number. a. Mass b. Isotope c. Key d. Atomic |
a. Mass |
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After the third half-life, the fraction of the original radioactive atoms remaining will be __________. a. One-half b. One-fourth c. One-eighth d. One-sixteenth
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c. One-eighth |
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___________ dating is the task of placing rock unites and geologic events in their proper sequence. a. Numerical b. Relative c. Sequence d. Radiometric |
b. Relative |
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When we observe strata that are inclined at a steep angle, we can conclude that they were tilted sometime after their disposition by applying this relative dating principle. a. Superposition b. Cross-cutting c. Original horizontality d. Inclusions |
c. Original horizontality |
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Which one of the following is NOT a type of unconformity? a. Noncomformity b. Disconformity c. Transitional unconformity d. Angular unconformity
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c. Transitional unconformity |
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The percentage of radioactive atoms that decay during each half-life is always fifty percent; however the actual number of atoms that decay continually decreases. (True or False) |
True |
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In the geologic time scale, era names represent important differences in ___________. a. Mountain building episodes b. Continental uplifts c. Volcanic events d. Dominant life forms |
d. Dominant life forms |
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Isotopes of the same atom will have different numbers of _______. a. Protons b. Ions c. Neutrons d. Electrons
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c. Neutrons |
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Which one of the following is NOT a principle or technique used by geologists to place events in proper order? a. Principle of cross-cutting relationships b. Laws of sequential erosion c. Law of superposition d. Principal of original horizontality |
b. Law of sequential erosion |
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No place on Earth has a complete set of conformable strata. (True or False) |
True |
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How many protons (p) and neutrons (n) comprise an alpha particle? a. One proton, one neutron b. Three protons, two neutrons c. Two protons, two neutrons d. Two protons, one neutron |
c. Two protons, two neutrons |
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At great depths crustal rocks tend to deform by _________ deformation. a. Ductile b. Seismic c. Shear d. Brittle
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a. Ductile |
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Which one of the following is NOT associated with crustal deformation? a. Joints b. Folds c. Faults d. Cross-bedding
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d. Cross-bedding |
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The right limb of the anticline has beds dipping towards the _________. (P. 356, fig. 10.32) a. East b. South c. West d. North |
a. East |
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Which of these may displace older strata over younger strata? a. Strike-slip b. Normal c. Thrust d. transform
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c. Thrust |
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Which side of this fault is the footwall? (p. 347, fig. 10.18) a. right b. left |
b. Left |
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This fold was caused by the vertical displacement along a fault and is termed a(n) ________. a. Anticline b. Recumbent fold c. Syncline d. Monocline |
d. Monocline |
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A good example of topography that results when when erosional forces attack folded sedimentary strata is found in: ________. a. Grand Tetons b. Valley and Ridge c. Rocky Mountains d. Mount Saint Helens |
b. Valley and Ridge |
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When the hanging wall block moves up relative to the footwall block, the dip-slip fault is classified as a ________ fault. a. Reverse b. Strike-slip c. Monocline d. Normal |
a. Reverse |
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Compressional stresses ________ a rock body. a. Elongate b. Shorten |
b. Shorten |
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Transform faults are examples of _________. a. Strike-slip b. Normal c. Reverse d. Thrust
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a. Strike-slip |
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Using p. 356, fig. 10.32 and the left limb of the anticline, which answer best represents the strike? a. SE 25 degrees b. N2E c. S45W d. N15W |
b. N2E |
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The San Andreas Fault is an excellent example of a(n) ______ fault. a. Dip-slip b. Oblique-slip c. Reverse-slip d. Strike-slip
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d. Strike-slip |
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A dip-slip fault, in which the hanging wall block moves down relative to the footwall block, is called a ______ fault. a. Transform b. Strike-slip c. Normal d. Reverse e. None of the above |
c. Normal |
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The two sides of a fold are called the ________, and a line drawn along the points of maximum curvature is termed the _________. a. Sides; crest b. Slopes, trend c. limbs; axis (hinge line) d. Legs; head |
c. Limbs; axis (hinge line) |
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The Black Hills of South Dakota are an example of this type of geologic structure. a. Monocline b. Overturned fold c. Dome d. Basin |
c. Dome |
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Which one is an example of fault block mountains? a. Appalachians b. Basin and Range c. Alps and Urals d. Andes |
b. Basin and Range |
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Displacements along dip-slip faults may produce long, low cliffs, called ___________. a. Escarpments b. Ridges c. Embankments d. Fault scarps |
d. Fault scarps |
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Thrust faults are _______ faults in which the hanging wall block moves ______ relative to the footwall block. a. Dip-slip; down b. Dip-slip; up c. Strike-slip; laterally d. Dip-slip; laterally e. None of the above |
b. Dip-slip; up |
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On a geologic map, measurments called _________ (trend) and __________ (inclination) are used to describe the orientation or attitude of a rock layer or fault surface. a. Strike; dip b. Alignment; slope c. Direction; tilt d. Bearing; inclination
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a. Strike; dip |
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Fractures along which no appreciable displacement has occured are called ________. a. Thrust faults b. Joints c. Rifts d. Shear zones |
b. Joints |
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The amount of force per unit area that acts to change the shape or volume of a rock mass is termed _________. a. Strain b. Stress c. Shear d. Suction |
b. Stress |
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Tensional stresses _______ a rock body. a. Elongate b. Shorten
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a. Elongate |
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The types of joints form as igneous rocks cool and develop shrinkage fractures. a. Columnar joints b. Rectangular joints c. Pillar joints d. Radial joints |
a. Columnar joints |
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This type of fault is classified as a ______ fault. Use p. 347, fig. 10.20 a. Reverse b. Normal c. Thrust d. Joint |
a. Reverse |
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Faults are fractures along which displacement has taken place. (True/False) |
True |
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This is a ____________ fault. (P. 350, fig. 10.26) a. Strike- slip b. Dip-slip (reverse)
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a. Strike-slip |
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These faults mainly exhibit horizontal displacement. a. Dip-slip b. Oblique-slip c. Reverse-slip d. Strike-slip |
d. Strike-slip |
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Near Earth's surface crustal rocks tend to deform by ________ deformation. a. Ductile b. Seismic c. Shear d. Brittle |
d. Brittle |
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An overturned fold that "lies on its side" so that the axial plane is horizontal is called a ________ fold. a. Horizontal b. Disturbed c. Recumbent d. Deformed |
c. Recumbent |
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Most joints are the result of brittle failure when rocks in the outermost crust are deformed. (True/False) |
True |
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Which one of the following is NOT a type of seismic wave? a. P b. Tertiary c. Surface d. S |
b. Tertiary |
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Most earthquakes in associated volcanoes occur in a region known as the ________. a. Tropic of Cancer b. Circum-Pacific Belt c. Trans-Atlantic Zone d. Oceanic ridge system |
b. Circum- Pacific Belt |
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The source of an earthquake is called the ____________. a. Epicenter b. Seismic center c. Focus d. Inertia |
c. Focus |
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Which type of earthquake wave travels by pushing (compressing) and pulling (expanding) in the direction the wave is traveling? a. P b. S c. Tertiary d. Surface |
a. P |
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Identify the first S wave on the seismogram. (p. 370, fig 11.13) |
Refer to page |
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Which seismic wave travels the fastest? a. P b. S c. Surface d. Sonic |
a. P |
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Earthquakes are thought to be generated within the __________. a. Hot mobile asthenosphere b. Hot mobile outer core c. Cold rigid lithosphere
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c. Cold rigid lithosphere |
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There is a close association between the distribution of earthquakes and _________. a. Deep ocean basins b. Plate boundaries c. Interior at large plates d. Interior of continent |
b. Plate boundaries
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Energy released by an earthquake travels in the form of ___________. a. Radiant energy b. Light waves c. Infared waves d. Seismic waves |
d. Seismic waves |
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_______ have the greatest amplitude. a. Surface b. P c. Tertiary d. S |
a. Surface |
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The instrument used to record seismic waves is called a _______________. a. Seismic recorder b. Echo sounder c. Seismatron d. Seismograph |
d. Seismograph |
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___________, the study of earthquakes, dates back to the Chinese almost 2000 years ago. a. Refractometry b. Tension physics c. Seiche Modification d. Seismology
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d. Seismology |
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Identify the surface waves on the seismogram (pg. 370, fig. 11.13) |
Refer to drawing |
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The mechanism for earthquake generation deduced by H.F. Reid in the early 1900s is termed ______________. a. Elastic rebound b. Plastic rebound c. Ductile generation d. Plastic flow |
a. Elastic rebound
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The location at the surface directly above the source of an earthquake is called the _____________. a. Epicenter b. Seismic center c. Focus d. Inertia |
a. Epicenter
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From a single earthquake recording scientists can tell ___________. a. How many aftershocks an earthquake will produce b. Direction recorder is from surface point of earthquake c. Depth of earthquake below surface d. Distance recorder is from earthquake
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d. Distance recorder is from earthquake
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Deep-focus earthquakes are associated with __________. a. Oceanic trenches b. Oceanic ridges c. Transform faults d. Intraplate volcanic activity |
a. Oceanic trenches |
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The absence of deep-focus earthquakes along oceanic ridges and transform faults supports the theory of plate tectonics. (True/False) |
True |
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Which of Earth's major divisions is thought to be the source of the magnetic field? a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core |
c. Outer core |
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What layer permits movement of Earth's rigid outer shell (plates)? a. Bathosphere b.Lithosphere c. Mesosphere d. Asthenosphere |
d. Asthenosphere |
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Which of Earth's major divisions is the thinnest? a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core |
b. Mantle |
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This layer averages only about 7 kilometers (5 miles) in thickness. a. Continental crust b. Oceanic crust c. Outer core d. Inner core |
b. Oceanic crust |
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This thick shell of rock is composed mostly of silicate minerals that are rich in iron and magnesium. a. Continental crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core |
b. Mantle |
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6. Name the hot, weak layer found in the upper mantle. a. Bathosphere b. Lithosphere c. Mesosphere d. Asthenosphere |
d. Astehnosphere |
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This region consists of a variety of rock types including the common igneous rock granite. a. Continental crust b. Oceanic crust c. Mantle d. Core |
a. Continental crust |
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What name is given to Earth's solid rigid outermost layer? a. Bathosphere b. Lithosphere c. Mesosphere d. Asthenosphere |
B. Lithosphere |
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Which of Earth's major divisions is thought to be a solid, metallic sphere? a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core |
d. Inner core |
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This region is composed primarily of the igneous rock basalt. a. Continental crust b. Oceanic crust c. Mantle d. Core |
b. Oceanic crust |
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Which of Earth's major divisions makes up over 82 percent of our planets volume? a. Crust b. Mantle c. Outer core d. Inner core |
b. Mantle |
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What layer is composed of the crust plus the uppermost mantle? a. Bathosphere b. Lithosphere c. Mesosphere d. Asthensophere |
b. Lithosphere |
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This first dinosaurs appeared in the ___________ period. a. Mesozoic b. Cretaceous c. Jurassic d. Triassic |
d. Triassic |
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Trilobites, and many other marine animals became extinct at the end of the _________ era. a. Permian b. Triassic c. Mesozoic d. Paleozoic |
d. Paleozoic |
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The "age of reptiles" is associated with which geologic era? a. Triassic b. Cenozoic c. Mesozoic d. Cretaceous |
c. Mesozoic |
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The "age of fishes" and "age of invertebrates" is assocated with which geologic era? a. Devonian b. Silurian c. Paleozoic d. Precambrian |
c. Paleozoic |
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The "age of mammals" is associated with which geologic era? a. Holocene b. Neogene c. Quaternary d. Cenozoic |
d. Cenozoic |
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The Phanerozic is comprised of the Precambrian eon. (True/False) |
False |
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Dinosaurs became extinct at the end of which geologic period? a. Cenozoic b. Mesozoic c. Cretaceous d. Tertiary |
c. Cretaceous |
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In other parts of the world, the Pennslyvanian and Mississippian ___________ are collectively termed the Carbonfierous _______________. a. Period; period b. Era; era c. Era; period d. Period; era |
a. Period; period |
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The first organisms with shells (hard parts) appeared at the beginning of the _________ period. a. Proterozoic b. Cambrian c. Paleozoic d. Precambrian |
b. Cambrian |
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The Triassic is a __________ of the Mesozoic ________. a. Period; era b. era; period c. eon; period d. epoch; era |
a. Period; era |
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Pangaea was the most recent "supercontinent." (True/False) |
True |
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The first known organisms were single-cell bacteria that belong to the group called _________. a. Prokaryotes b. Trilobites c. Brachiopods d. Snails |
a. Prokaryotes |
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The first horses, the flourishing of mammals, birds, insects, flowering plants, and the widespread development of grasslands in North America occurred in the _________ era. a. Holocene b. Quaternary c. Cenozoic d. Mesozoic |
c. Cenozoic |
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Stromatolites are among the most common Precambrian fossils and can still be found today. (True/False) |
True |
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By the close of the Permian _________, a mass extinction destroyed 70 percent of all vertebrate species on land, and perhaps as much as 90 percent of all marine organisms. a. Period b. Era c. Mesozoic d. Epoch |
a. Period |
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The majority of the petrified logs in Arizonas petrified forest national part date back to the ________ period of the _______ era. a. Triassic; Mesozoic b. Mesozoic; Triassic c. Cambrian; Paleozoic d. Paleozoic; Cambrian |
a. Triassic; Mesozoic |
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The "history" of earth began about 13.7 billion years ago when the first elements were created during the "Big Bang". |
True
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The Phanerozoic eon is divided into the following eras: Hadean, Proterozoic, Archaen. (True/False) |
False |
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Pangaea came into existence in the _________ era. a. Permian b. Paleozoic c. Mesozoic d. Cretaceous |
b. Paleozoic |
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Massive sand dunes covered a large portion of the Colorado Plateau region during the ________ era. a. Jurassic b. Permian c. Mesozoic d. Triassic |
c. Mesozoic |
