Geology

Front 1

Divergent plate boundaries are areas where

Back 1

two plates move away from each other

Front 2

magnetic surveys and age-dating of cores from the ocean basins indicate that

Back 2

the oceanic crust is youngest adjacent to the mid-ocean ridges

Front 3

the driving mechanism of plate movement is thought to be largely the result of

Back 3

thermal convection cells in the mantle

Front 4

hot spots and aseismic ridges can be used to determine the

Back 4

absolute motion of plates

Front 5

subduction occurs along which types of plate boundaries

Back 5

covergent o-o and convergent o-c

Front 6

the northern part of pangea, consisting of NA, greenland, europe, and asia

Back 6

laurasia

Front 7

the andes mountains are forming above a good example of what type of plate boundary

Back 7

convergent o-c

Front 8

plate tectonic theory was formulated during the

Back 8

1960's

Front 9

plate tectonic theory readily explains all of the following geologic phenomena except why

Back 9

earth's magnetic field reverses polarity

Front 10

a line of evidence not used by the individual who first proposed the continental drift hypothesis is

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paleomagnetic anomaly patterns of the sea floor

Front 11

active volcanism along a subduction zone always occurs

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landward of a deep ocean trench

Front 12

placing geologic events in sequential or chronologic order as determined by their position in geologic record is

Back 12

relative age-dating

Front 13

a statement that fossil assemblages succeed one another through time in a regular predictable order is the principle of

Back 13

fossil succession

Front 14

which of the following statements is correct?

Back 14

inclusions are older than the rock unit containing them

Front 15

which of the following is a body fossil

Back 15

dinosaur bone

Front 16

of those listed below, which structure shown in this figure is the oldest

Back 16

fault h

Front 17

which of the following is the correct order (listed oldest to youngest) for the designations of geologic time?

Back 17

precambrian, paleozoic, mesozoic, cenozoic

Front 18

if granite pluton that is in contact with a sandstone contains fragments of the sandstone

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the sandstone must be older than the granite

Front 19

what step is necessary for development of an angular unconformity but not for the other types of unconformities

Back 19

tilting or folding of a sequence of sedimentary beds

Front 20

which of the following is a geologic time unit

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period

Front 21

geologists use the principle of superposition to determine

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the relative ages of sedimentary beds in a vertical sedimentary sequence

Front 22

the geologic column and relative time scale was established in the 1840's based on

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superposition and faunal succession

Front 23

what is being measured in radiometric age-dating is

Back 23

the time of crystallization of a mineral containing the parent isotope

Front 24

in which type of radioactive decay are two protons and two neutrons emitted from the nucleus

Back 24

alpha decay

Front 25

if parent atoms are driven from a rock during metamorphism, the radiometric age of the rock will be

Back 25

older than the actual age of the rock

Front 26

the atomic number of an element is determined by the number of what in its nucleus

Back 26

protons

Front 27

who is generally considered to be the founder of modern geology

Back 27

hutton

Front 28

if a flake of biotite in a sedimentary rock (such as sandstone) is age-dated, the date obtained indicates when

Back 28

the biotite crystal formed

Front 29

if a parent isotope has a half-life of 200 million years, and 1/32 of the parent remains in a rock, the age of the rock is

Back 29

1000 million years

Front 30

radiocarbon dating is possible because

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organisms stop accumulating carbon 14 when they die

Front 31

which atomic particle is emitted during this radioactive reaction? 7N14 + 0n1 -> 6C14 + ?

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1p1

Front 32

the type of cell division that accounts for the origin of sperm and eggs is

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meiosis

Front 33

genes for the same trait come in alternative forms called

Back 33

alleles

Front 34

the study of the history of life as revealed by the fossil record is called

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paleontology

Front 35

according to the concept of punctuated equilibrium

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species remain unchanged during most of their existence then evolve rapidly

Front 36

a structure possessed by an animal that does no function or has reduced friction is a

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vestigial structure

Front 37

which of the following is involved in natural selection

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reproduction

Front 38

the process of fossilization is most enhanced by

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all of the above

Front 39

when the population of english peppered moths in great britain changed during the industrial revolution from mostly white to mostly black

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natural selection began to favor moths possessing the gene for black

Front 40

who correlated the sea floor magnetic anomalies with reversals of Earth's magnetic field

Back 40

vine and matthews

Front 41

proposed the sea floor spreading hypothesis

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hess

Front 42

used land lavas to document occurrence of numerous reversals of earth's magnetic field

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cox and dalrymple

Front 43

proposed the continental drift hypothesis and existence of the pangaea

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wegner

Front 44

used fossil evidence to suggest that europe and north america were once joined

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pellegrini

Front 45

proposed that earth is a dynamic heat engine that must be millions of years old

Back 45

hutton

Front 46

suggested that mountain ranges formed as a result of lateral movements of continents

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taylor

Front 47

suggested the existence of the supercontinent named gondwana

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seuss

Front 48

concluded from the biblical book of genesis that earth formed in the year 4004 bc

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ussher

Front 49

suggested that africa and south america fit together like pieces of a puzzle

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bacon