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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What magma factors determine the nature of a volcano eruption? |
Temperature, composition, dissolved gases |
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What is viscosity |
Resistance of the material to flow |
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How does viscosity work? |
The greater the viscosity of a liquid, the slower it will flow |
Milk flows faster than syrup video |
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Rhyolitic lava |
The more silico magma has, the higher the viscosity |
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Basaltic lava |
The less silica magma has, the less viscosity and less problem it'll cost |
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Types of lava |
AA Pahoehoe |
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AA lava |
Sharp lava that is more viscous and moves faster |
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Pahoehoe |
Smooth and ropy, low in viscosity, moves slowly |
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Rocks |
Scotia (lava comes out and flows through the air, symmetrical) Pumice (only rock that floats because of its low density) Obsidian (nature's glass) |
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Order of sediments from small to large |
Dissolved load, suspended load, bed load |
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Parts that make up a volcano |
crater, pyroclastic flow, pyroclastic material, magma chamber, bombs, lava, parasitic cone |
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Shield volcano |
Hawaii, largest volcanoes |
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Cinder |
Small and Steep. In paricutin Mexico |
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Composite |
Alternating lava flow & pyroclastic deposits ex. Mt. St. Helen |
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Flood basalt |
Large, can cover a state |
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Caldera |
Top of volcano is > 1 kilometer wide. Cone shaped |
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Volcanoes eruption frequency |
Active, Dormant, Extinct |
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Pyroclastic flow |
Made of basalt flow and volcanic lava, rocks, gases |
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Lahar |
Volcanic mudflow consisting of water, fast moving ash, and debris. Wipe out everything |
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Examples of Volcanic Necks/Vents |
Shiprock, New Mexico Devils Tower |
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Magma below ground can be: |
Laccolith, batholith, still, dikes, plutons |
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Still |
Magma comes up and goes horizontal to the bedding planes |
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Dikes |
Magma below the ground that cuts diagonally on bedding planes |
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Laccolith |
Flat on the bottom but landscaped like contact lesne on top |
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Batholith |
Huge mountain range of all of the magma below ground types |
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Deformation |
Bends rocks all kinds of ways and can cause folds. Most of it happens where plates meet each other |
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Types of folds |
Monocline Anticline Syncline Overturned |
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Monocline |
Ramp that's high then goes low |
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Anticline |
Rock layers are bent upwards |
Angels go up |
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Syncline |
Rock layers bent downwards |
Sinners go down |
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Overturn |
Anticline and syncline together |
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Dome |
Old rocks in the center, young on the outside |
Upside down bowl |
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Basin |
Young in the center, old on the outside. Lots of oil and natural gas |
Right side up bowl |
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What is a Fault |
A break/fracture in the rocks |
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Types of Faults |
Normal, Reverse, Thrust, Transform |
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Normal Fault |
Horsts (goes up) and Grabens (drop down) are pulled apart in different directions. Hanging Wall Block falls. |
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Reverse fault |
Horsts and Graben Walls are being compressed together. Greater than 45 angle. Graben/hanging wall goes up |
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Thrust Fault |
Less then 45 degree angle. Block on top begins to gradually slide on top of the bottom plate |
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Transform Fault |
San Andres moves to the side and cause the streams to be offset |
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Idea of Isostacy |
Earths crust is floating in gravitational balance on the mantle |
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Minerals are |
Natural occurring Inorganic Solid Orderly structure of atoms Definite chemical composition |
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Intrusive igneous rocks |
Large crystals Formed inside the earth Slow rate Ex. Magma, granite, gabbro |
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Extrusive igneous rocks |
Small crystals On the surface of the earth Fast rate Ex: lava, rhyolite, basalt |
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2 types of weathering |
Chemical (transform rocks into one or more new chemicals) and Mechanica (breaks down rocks) |
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Carbonic Acid |
Carbon dioxide plus water |
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