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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sedimentary Rocks Are:
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products of mechanical and chemical weathering of pre-existing rocks
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Sedimentary Rocks are important for Economic Reasons because they may contain:
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-Coal
-petrol and natural gas -sources of iron, aluminum, and manganese -natural fertilizers -material for concrete and bitumen |
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Types of Sedimentary Rocks:
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-Clastic (Detrital)
-Chemical -Biochemical |
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The three geologic fluids:
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wind, water, ice
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Reefs are found in what kind of environment?
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Clear, warm water with light penetration and normal salinity
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Three Types of Sedimentary Environments:
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-Continental (stream erosion, wind, glaciers, wind)
-Marine (200 meters to continental shelves) -Transitional (tidal flatts, lagoons, deltas) |
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Metamorphic Rocks:
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transition of one rock into another due to extreme heat and/or pressure
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Contact metamorphism:
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Magma
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Differential Stress:
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unequal stress in different directions
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The temprature of critical water:
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greater than 273 degrees celcius
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Foliated Rocks Include:
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-Slate, Schist, Gneiss, Phylite
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Non-Foliated Rocks Include:
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Quartzite, Marble, Anthracite, Metabasalt
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Law of Superposition:
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Original Horizontality (oldest to youngest on top of one another)
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Concordant Age Vs Discordant Age:
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Con- two or more similiar age determinations for same material
Dis- 2 or more disimiliar age determinations for same material (same power ie: 10 to the 4th and 10 to the 4th) |
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Deformation:
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all changes in the original form and/or size of a rock body
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Stress:
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force applied to a given area
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Compressional Stress
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shortens rock body
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Tensional Stress
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elongate or pull apart rock body
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lithostatic/hydroelastic stress
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change in size
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Differential Stress
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change in shape
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Shear Stress
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produces motion similiar to slippage
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Factors that influence the type of rock deformity
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- temp
- confining pressure - rock type - time |
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An Earthquake Is:
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the vibration of the earth produced by the rapid release of energy caused by sudden change in conditions
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Stress Versus Strain
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stress is the force changuing the object, while strain is the resulting change
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Translation:
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change location
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Rotation:
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Change orientation
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Distortion:
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Change Shape
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Dilation:
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Change Volume
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The Place where Rock breaks inside the earth is called:
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FOCUS
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surface on earth directly above focus:
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EPICENTER
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Crust
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the comparitively thin outer skin that ranges from 2mi to 40mi
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Mantle
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a solid rocky shell that extends to depths of 1800 mi
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Outer Core
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Mostly Fluid
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Inner Core
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Iron and Nickel depth of 2161 miles
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In Oceanic Crusts:
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deep-sea sediments, basaltic pillow lavas, sheeted dikes, layered gabbro
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Relative Dating:
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use of fossils
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Absolute Dating:
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using age, exact numbers
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the earth is how many years old?
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4.6 billion
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Seamounts:
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volcanoes that form on ocean floor
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Which waves do NOT reach the other side of the globe after an earthquake?
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S waves do not transmit, whereas P waves do
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Isostasy
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rock of the crust and upper mantle are floating in Gravitational Balance
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