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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Geology
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The study of the earth
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2 Components of Geology
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Earth products- (rocks, minerals, lavea, water, fossils, coal, oil, gas, petroleum
Earth Processes- Plate tectonics, erosion, volcanic eruptions, dissolution of rocks |
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How do scientists study a planet
(ADMMR) |
1. Ask questions
2. Devise a plan 3. Make observations 4. Make Interpretations 5. Repeat |
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Why is geology important?
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1.geologic hazards (sinkhole, volcanism, earthquakes, landslides etc.)
2. Energy resources (oil and gas) 3. Earth materials (iron, diamonds, clay, water 4. Tells us Earth's history (predictions for future) 5. Environmental clean-up 6. Makes us informed citizens (buying a house) |
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Earth's Interior
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Solid Inner Core- (iron, nickel, hard rock, really hot)
Liquid outer core- (Iron (Fe), Nickel, hot, liquid) Mantle- 85% of earth is mantle (solid, Nickle (Ni), Magnesium- (Mg), Silicon (Si)) Crust -(Solid rock, oceanic crust or continental crust) |
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What are earth's system's?
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-Lithosphere (rocks & minerals)
- Hydrosphere (water) - Biosphere (life) - Atmosphere (air) - Cryosphere (ice) - Exosphere (space) |
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Earth System Interactions
(too much fertilizer in farms in Iowa, affect fish in the Ocean) |
If one system us affected, other earth systems will be effected
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Olivine
"Guacamole of the Earth" |
-Iron & Magnesium (Fe, Mg) Silicon (Si) 0xygen^4
- Mineral, green & glassy - Comes from volcanoes from mantle |
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What are Plate Tectonics?
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Plates move against one another in 4 different types of motions.
- Divergent (away from each other) - Convergent (same direction) - Transform (side to side) - Passive (no relative motion) |
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How many types of Convergent boundies are there?
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3 Different types:
1) Subduction Zone 2) Continental Collision 3) Island Arc |
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Subduction Zone
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Oceanic Crust is destroyed as it goes underneath Continental crust and more Continental crust is made.
(Refer Back to diagram) |
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Continental Collision
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- When two different Continental crusts move together
- Big mountain ranges are formed (alpes, hymales) - BIG DEEP EARTHQUAKES |
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Island Arc
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- When one form of oceanic crust goes underneath another form of oceanic crust
- Magma is produced (melting) - Volcanoes are formed |
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Transform Plate Margin
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- Motion is side to side
- Plates are slipping by one another - San Andreas Fault - BIG EARTHQUAKES |
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Passive Margin
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-same direction, same rate
- no realtive motion from one plate to another - relationship between Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust |
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Evidence for plate tectonics
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1) Locations of earthquakes
2) Locations of volcanic eruptions 3) ages of oceanic crust 4) Hot spots; (super plume of magma just below crust) |
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Hot spots
(Yellowstone National Park) |
as magma heats up below the crust it rises up into surface. Forming felsic extrusive igneous rock (volcanoes)
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How do you find Velocity?
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Distance/ Time
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What are Minerals?
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-naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid that has a characteristic physical properties and a narrowly defined chemical composition
- has to be found in nature |
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What are Rocks?
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an aggregate of one or more minerals
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Properties of Minerals
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Hardness
Luster (metallic or non Metal) Streak Cleavage (where it's easiest to break) Color Density Smell Taste |
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What are some common minerals of the earth?
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Quartz (SiOz)
Hematite (Fe2O3) Magnatite (Fe3O4) |
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Cubic Zirconia
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ZrO2
Found by Henri Moissan in 1893 from metor crater fake diamond |
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Ultrahard Fullerite
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C60
made in ad hardest substance on earth |
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How to test for diamond?
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transparency test, can see through Cubic Zirconia but not diamonds
-CZ is heavier than diamond |
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Asbestos
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A family of minerals
Ferromagnesian silicates (Mg, Fe, Si) |
