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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the products of eruptions (3)
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Lava flows, pyroclastic debris, volcanic gases
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How are lava flows determined by viscosity?
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Low: Easily flows; High: resists flows (cliffs)
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Low viscocity is characteristic of basaltic or rhyolitic lava?
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Basaltic.
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High viscocity is characteristic of basaltic or rhyolitic lava?
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Andesitic (intermediate) and Rhyolitic (heavy). There's a higher level of silica in these.
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What makes lava domes?
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Rhyolitic lava flows
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Lava flows in relation to silica, temp, gas, and crystals:
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High: More silica, cool, gas-poor, and crystal-rich; Low: less silica, hot lava, gas-rich, crystal poor
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Three types of Basaltic lava flows (3)
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Pahoehoe, columnar jointing, pillow lavas
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Pryoclastic Debris: Volcanic Ash
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powder-sized glass fragments, bad to breathe and bad for planes
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Pyroclastic Debris: Pumice / Scoria
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gas filled rock that solified at vent
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Is pumice felsic or mafic?
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Felsic
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Is scoria felsic or mafic?
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Mafic
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Volcanisclastic Debris: Lapilli
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pea to plum-sized
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Volcanisclastic Debris: Blocks
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apple to refrigerator-sized, chunks from walls of vent
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Volcanisclastic Debris: Bombs
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apple to fridge size, lava that solidifies in the air
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Volcanisclastic Debris: Tuff
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Lithified Ash and lapilli (ash that's solified, looks homogenous)
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Volcanisclastic Debris: Tephra
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ash that's not solidified
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Pryoclastic flow
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gravity-driven avalanche of hot ash and lapilli-- moves incredibly quickly
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Lahar
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fast-moving flow of ash-rich debris and water
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Volcanic gases (4)
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Up to 9% of magma may be gas: water, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide.
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Caldera
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is the falling of the mountain into the void created by the lack of magma. The resurgent dome is residual magma.
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Shield Volcano
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low-viscosity basalt flows
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Cinder cones
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cone-shaped piles of tephra
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Stratovolcanoes
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alternating layers of lava flows and tephra
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Eruption style: effusive
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produces lava flows
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Eruption style: explosive
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produces pyroclastic debris
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Three basaltic eruption styles
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Vulcanian, strombolian, and hawaiian
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Rhyolitic eruption style
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Plinian
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