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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Expanding Universe Theory
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That everything is moving very quickly away from each other-- confirmed by the doppler effect and the red shift.
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Speed of Light Constant
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300,000km/sec
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Light Year
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9.5 x 10^12 km/year = the distance that light travels in one Earth year
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Big Bang Theory
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13.7 billion years ago, there was a massive expansion
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What doesn't the big bang theory describe?
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1. what the universe expands into, and 2. what caused the explosion to begin.
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Big Bang timeline:
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1st second: protons and electrons form and protons begin colliding, creating H and He, Li, Be, and B, then within 5 minutes, elements are bonding, creating H2 and other gases.
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Nebula
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When gases clump together into a cloud or pillar. As they get larger, they get more mass and density, causing them to form a gravitational pull (which in turn cases a rotation)
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Accretionary disk
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spinning mass of gas and dust from which stars and planets form
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What makes the light in the middle of an accretionary disk?
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H+ nuclei fuse to make He, heat and light create star.
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Stellar nucleosynthesis
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formation of higher atomic number elements form through fusion (small nuclei fuse) and Neutron capture / decay (neutrons either stick to nucleus, bringing the atomic mass up, or release e-, so atomic number goes up)
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When are the heaviest elements formed?
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When neutrons are released during supernova explosions.
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Nebular theory
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Relates to the origins of our solar system.
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According to nebular theory, how old is our solar system?
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4.6 billion years
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Protoplanetary means…
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Volatiles (gas or ice such as H2, He, CH4, NH3, H2O, or CO) or refractory materials (rocky or metallic materials) were present.
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Accretion
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the sticking of dust / ice particles to slowly create planets
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Terrestrial planets
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Planets with a high iron alloy core
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Gas giant planets
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composed of H2, He, etc.
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Why did layers occur within planets?
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Chemical and physical differences
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4 layers of Earth based off physical differentiation
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1. Lithosphere, 2. Asthenosphere, 3. Outer Core, and 4. Inner Core
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Lithosphere
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rigid outer shell including crust and uppermost mantle (100-150km).
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Types of crust in lithosphere
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Continental crust (felsic), oceanic crust (mafic)
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Asthenosphere
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Portion of mantle where rock flows, like silly putty.
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Outer Core
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Has a liquid iron-nickel alloy. Heavy on the Fe, Ni, Si, O, and S. Convective flow generates Earth's magnetic field
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Inner Core
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Only different to the outer core is that its solid Fe-Ni alloy because of the high pressure. We think it to be similar to meterorites.
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Deepest mine?
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3.6 km down, gold mine in Africa.
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Deepest drill hole?
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12 km down
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