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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mountain erupting in Hawaii
Been erupting since 1983 |
Kilauea
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Most common rock type at earth's surface
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sedimentary
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rocks where fossils and fossil fuels are found
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sedimentary rock
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Why do we care about sedimentary rocks (mc question)
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Fossil fuels, building materials, contribute to soil formation and landslides)
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the pre-existing rock you start with
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Parent rock
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processes that break down the parent rock into sediment
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Weathering
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Two types of weathering
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Physical vs chemical
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mechanically busting the rock apart.
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physical weathering
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when water in cracks freezes, it expands, pushing the walls of the crack apart. Doing this repeatedly can destroy the rock
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Frost Wedging
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Potholes are an example of damage from
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frost wedging
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rocks peel apart like layers of an onion
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exfoliation
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more common type of weathering
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chemical weathering
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chemically reacting with oxygen
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oxidation
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oxidation can give sediment and soil this color
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red-ish
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Transporting sediment from where it forms to a different location
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erosion
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what 4 natural processes cause erosion
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wind, water, glacial ice, gravity
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where was the farming boom in the early 20th century
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the great plains
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reasons for farming boom
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increases precipitation makes crops grow faster
tractors invented food was needed to support the europe war effort WWI |
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_____ and _____ continued almost 24/7 during the farming boom
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clear cutting and plowing
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What made the dust bowl have barren soil
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droughts and over farming
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how many dust storms in 1932
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14
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how many dust storms in 1933
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38
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How many acres affected by the dust bowl
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100 million
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Between 1932-1939 how many wheat crops failed
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7 out of 8
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When did government assistance for dust bowl begin
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1934
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inhalation of the wind-blown dust caused this sickness
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Dust Pneumonia
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Dust Pneumonia cause up to this % of deaths in some areas
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25%
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When did regular rainfall begin to occur again during dust bowl
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1939
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any depression that can hold sediment
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Basin
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the amount of sediment a basin can hold
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Accommodation space
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Layers of sediment and sedimentary rock are called (aka beds)
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strata
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To turn the sediment into sedimentary rock
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Lithification
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squeeze the seds close together
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Compaction
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‘glue’ the sediments together w/ natural cements
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Cementation
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3 categories of sediment (and sedimentary rocks)
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Detrital (aka clastic)
Chemical Biogenic |
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This is produced by physical weathering. Classified based on grain size
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Clastic
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grains equal in size (clastic sed)
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Well sorted
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lots of grain sizes mixed together (clastic sed)
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Poorly sorted
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Traits of clastic sed rocks
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Sorting, rounding (well, poor, moderate)
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Better rounding and sorting means sediment was transported (Longer or shorter)?
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Longer
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form by reactions, like evaporation, dissolution, precipitation (type of sediment)
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Chemical Sediment
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rock salt is mostly
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Halite
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limestone is mostly
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Calcite
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rock gypsum is mostly
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gypsum
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These sediments are parts of organic material
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Biogenic/biologic/bioclastic
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Plant materials/shells are this type of sed rock
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Biogenic
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Poorly lithified phytoplankton shells
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Chalk
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how well is all of the material binded together?
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Consolidation
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Killed 20,000 in the town of Yungay
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1970 earthquake Huascaran
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Angle of repose (degree)
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35
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1983 slide caused $200 million in damage in this place (city/state)
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Thistle, UT
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